美国总统唐纳德·特朗普(Donald Trump)向各州发布了在新的冠状病毒大流行期间减少美国隔离措施的指导方针，但他表示，各州的情况将决定何时以及如何重新开放隔离措施。

特朗普的声明是在白宫冠状病毒特别工作组的每日简报中做出的，概述了州长应该何时以及如何重开他们的州。该指导方针打破了美国重新开放的局面，使美国人能够重返工作岗位，并根据疫情状况将社交聚会分为三个阶段。

特朗普周四表示:“我们正处于我们的战争的下一个前线，我们称之为‘再次开放美国’”。“正如我已经说过一段时间了，国家关闭不是一个可持续的长期解决方案。为了保护我们公民的健康，我们还必须保护我们经济的健康和运转。”

特朗普因推动企业重开以公共健康为代价拯救经济而受到批评，但总统周四表示，这些指导方针是基于“确凿、可核实的数据”在转向“分阶段开放”之前，特朗普政府表示，它为各州或地区提供了一个在14天内满足的“门槛标准”。

国家过敏和传染病研究所所长安东尼·福西博士称，重新开放的门槛是“有害的”。他说，一些地区、州和地点已经达到了一些标准。在进入第二和第三阶段之前，必须再次满足门控标准，因此他指出，重新开放的每个阶段都有保障措施。

在进入任何阶段之前，根据“再次开放美国”的指导方针，各州必须有流感样疾病和COVID-19样综合征病例的下降轨迹，也应该是记录病例或阳性检测占总检测百分比的下降轨迹。

阶段1(满足门控标准的州和地区):

• 弱势个人应继续就地安置

• 所有人在公共场所时都应该尽量保持与他人的身体距离

• 在无法保持适当的身体距离的情况下，应该避免在10人以上的群体中社交

• 应该尽量减少非必要的旅行

• 雇主应尽可能鼓励远程工作或在公共区域关闭的情况下分阶段返回工作岗位

• 关闭的学校应该继续关闭

• 应禁止探访老年生活设施和医院

• 大型场馆，如电影院、餐厅和体育场，可以在严格的物理距离协议下运行

• 择期手术可以恢复

• 体育馆可以开放，如果他们坚持严格的物理距离和卫生协议

• 酒吧应该保持关闭

阶段2(无反弹迹象且第二次满足门控标准的州和地区):

• 弱势个人应继续就地安置

• 所有人在公共场所时都应该尽量保持与他人的身体距离

• 在无法保持适当的身体距离的情况下，应该避免在超过50人的群体中社交

• 非必要的旅行可以恢复

• 雇主应该鼓励在可能和可行的情况下通过远程工作开展业务，或者在公共区域关闭的情况下重返工作岗位

• 学校可以重新开放

• 应禁止探访老年生活设施和医院

• 大型场馆，如电影院、餐馆和体育场，可以在适度的物理距离协议下运行

• 在适用和适当的情况下，酒吧可以减少站立房间的占用

阶段3(无反弹迹象且第三次满足门控标准的州和地区):

• 脆弱的个体可以恢复公共交往，但应该练习身体上的疏远

• 低风险人群应考虑尽量减少在拥挤环境中的时间

• 可以恢复工地的无限制人员配备

• 老年人护理设施和医院可以恢复

• 大型场馆，如电影院、餐馆和体育场，可以在有限的物理距离协议下运行

• 在适用和适当的情况下，酒吧可以增加站立房间的占用率

重新开放各州的具体时间表尚未公布。特朗普表示，州长们将有自行决定的灵活性。

过去，总统曾说过他希望在4月12日复活节那天开放这个国家。他最初的目标遭到了批评家和卫生官员的指责，他们警告他说，这样做会使美国人的生命处于危险之中，因为COVID-19病例在全国范围内持续上升。作为回应，特朗普将社交距离准则延长至4月30日。

周四的声明是在总统在周五冠状病毒特别工作组的简报会上发表的评论之后，他说用户:“我将不得不做出一个决定，我只希望上帝，这是一个正确的决定，”他当时告诉记者。"这是最大的决定我不得不。如果我想使用它，我有很大的权力。我宁愿让州政府使用它。我绝对有权使用它。"

特朗普曾多次表示，在5月1日之后，他是否有法律权力延长或停止社会距离准则的决定，是一个只有他自己才能在美国经济重新开放方面做出的决定。

本周早些时候，特朗普表示，“虚假新闻媒体”正在努力制造“混乱和冲突”，他们的报道称，美国各州州长有责任解除各自州的封锁，不需要总统授权。

特朗普在推特上写道:“让人们充分理解这是不正确的。"这是总统的决定，有许多充分的理由."奥巴马补充说，他的政府正在与美国州长“密切合作”，这项声明将“很快”发布

特朗普坚称，他所指的权力来自美国宪法第十修正案，该修正案规定，宪法没有明确赋予联邦政府的任何权力都属于各州和人民。

尽管特朗普在他的信息中没有动摇他有权重开政府，但在周四，他表示州长们将被“授权”调整他们的方法以适应本州的情况。那些想继续关闭的人可以，那些想重新开放的人将有这样做的自由。

特朗普政府于3月16日首次宣布了社会距离的联邦指导方针，促使几个州在那周发布了就地安置令。纽约州州长安德鲁·科莫和新泽西州州长菲尔·墨菲都是民主党人，他们经常拒绝总统要求最终取消在家办公的命令。周四，科莫宣布，该州的社交距离协议，包括关闭非必要的企业，将保持到至少5月15日。

上个月，路易斯安那州州长约翰·贝尔·爱德华兹在声称他没有在二月关闭狂欢节的原因是“因为”之后，引发了联邦和州之间的辩论不是一个人“在联邦层面，包括疾病控制和预防中心，建议取消任何与冠状病毒恐惧有关的事件。

上周六，科罗拉多州共和党众议员肯·巴克重复特朗普对州级权威的批评，称州长们不在乎联邦政府是否欠下更多债务，因为它已经为每个州各自的冠状病毒反应提供了援助。

超过40个州已经实施了全州范围内的居家命令。其他几个州，都有共和党州长，要么拒绝，要么只在最大的城市地区下令封锁。

特朗普说，重新开放各州不会是困难的终结，但他表示相信美国人民会奋起应对。

“我们知道前面会有困难和挑战，”总统说。"...我们将夺回我们共同的辉煌命运，我们将把我们的国家推向伟大和光荣的新高度。”

TRUMP RELEASES PLAN TO REOPEN STATES, SAYS AMERICA IS ON 'NEXT FRONT' OF WAR WITH CORONAVIRUS

President Donald Trump released guidelines to states for rolling back quarantine measures in the United States amid the new coronavirus pandemic but said the situation in each state will dictate when and how it reopens.

Trump's announcement, made during the White House Coronavirus Task Force's daily briefing, outlined when and how governors should reopen their state. The guidelines broke the reopening of the country to enable Americans to return to their jobs and engage in social gatherings into three phases based on outbreak conditions.

"We are in the next front of our war which we are calling, 'Opening Up America Again,'" Trump said on Thursday. "As I have said for some time now, a national shutdown is not a sustainable longtime solution. To preserve the health of our citizens we must also preserve the health and functioning of our economy."

Trump has been criticized for pushing to reopen businesses to save the economy at the expense of public health, but the president said on Thursday that the guidelines are based on "hard, verifiable data." Before moving onto "phased openings," the Trump administration said it provided a "gating criteria" for states or regions to satisfy within a 14-day period.

Dr. Anthony Fauci, director of the National Institute for Allergy and Infectious Diseases, called the gating criteria a "hurtle" for reopening. Some regions, states and locations are already fulfilling some of the criteria, he said. Before moving onto the second and third phases, the gating criteria must once again be met, so he noted there are safeguards for each phase of the reopening.

Before moving into any phase, according to the Opening Up America Again guidelines, the states must have a downward trajectory of both influenza-like illnesses and COVID-19-like syndromic cases and also should either be a downward trajectory of documented cases or positive tests as a percent of total tests.

Phase 1 (States and regions that satisfy gating criteria):

• Vulnerable individuals should continue to shelter in place

• All individuals when in public places should maximize physical distance from others

• Socializing in groups of more than 10 people in situations where appropriate physical distancing cannot be maintained should be avoided

• Non-essential travel should be minimized

• Employers should encourage telework whenever possible or return to work in phases with common areas closed

• Schools that are closed should remain closed

• Visits to senior living facilities and hospitals should be prohibited

• Large venues, such as movie theaters, restaurants and sports arenas, can operate under strict physical distancing protocols

• Elective surgeries can resume

• Gyms can open if they adhere to strict physical distancing and sanitation protocols

• Bars should remain closed

Phase 2 (States and regions with no evidence of a rebound and that satisfy the gating criteria a second time):

• Vulnerable individuals should continue to shelter in place

• All individuals when in public places should maximize physical distance from others

• Socializing in groups of more than 50 people in situations where appropriate physical distancing cannot be maintained should be avoided

• Nonessential travel can resume

• Employers should encourage telework whenever possible and feasible with business operations or return to work with common areas closed

• Schools can reopen

• Visits to senior living facilities and hospitals should be prohibited

• Large venues, such as movie theaters, restaurants and sports arenas, can operate under moderate physical distancing protocols

• Bars may operate with diminished standing-room occupancy, where applicable and appropriate

Phase 3 (States and regions with no evidence of a rebound and that satisfy the gating criteria a third time):

• Vulnerable individuals can resume public interactions but should practice physical distancing

• Low-risk populations should consider minimizing time spent in crowded environments

• Unrestricted staffing of worksites can resume

• Visits to senior care facilities and hospitals can resume

• Large venues, such as movie theaters, restaurants and sports arenas, can operate under limited physical distancing protocols

• Bars may operate with increased standing-room occupancy, where applicable and appropriate

A specific timeline wasn't issued for the reopening of states. Trump said governors will have the flexibility to determine that on their own.

In the past, the president had said he hoped to open the country on Easter Sunday, April 12. His initial goal drew a rebuke from critics and health officials who warned him that to do so would place Americans' lives at risk because cases of COVID-19 continued to rise across the country. In response, Trump extended the social distancing guidelines through April 30.

Thursday's announcement follows comments the president made during a Friday briefing from the Coronavirus Task Force, where he said: "I'm going to have to make a decision, and I only hope to God that it's the right decision," he told reporters at the time. "It's the biggest decision I've ever had to make. I have great authority if I want to use it. I would rather have the states use it. I have absolute authority to use it."

Trump has repeatedly framed the decision over whether or not he has the legal authority to extend or cease social distancing guidelines past May 1 as a decision only he alone can make in terms of re-opening of the U.S. economy.

Earlier in the week, Trump said the "fake news media" was working to create "confusion and conflict" with their reports that U.S. governors are responsible for lifting lockdowns in their respective states and do not need the authority of the president to do so.

"Let it be fully understood that this is incorrect," Trump tweeted. "It is the decision of the President, and for many good reasons." The president added that his administration is "working closely" with U.S. governors and that the announcement would be "made shortly."

Trump maintains that the authority he refers comes from to the Tenth Amendment in the U.S. Constitution, which says that any power not specifically given to the federal government by the Constitution belongs to the states and the people.

Although Trump hasn't wavered in his message that he has the power to reopen the government, on Thursday, he said governors will be "empowered" to tailor their approach to meet their state's circumstances. Those that want to remain closed may and those who want to reopen will have the freedom to do so.

The Trump administration first announced federal guidelines for social distancing on March 16, prompting several states to pass down shelter-in-place orders that week. New York Governor Andrew Cuomo and New Jersey Governor Phil Murphy, both Democrats, have frequently pushed back against calls from the president to eventually lift stay-at-home orders. On Thursday, Cuomo announced the state's social distancing protocols, including the closure of non-essential businesses, will remain in place until at least May 15.

Last month, Louisiana Governor John Bel Edwards sparked a federal vs. state debate after saying the reason he didn't shut down Mardi Gras festivities in February was because "not one person" at the federal level, including the Centers For Disease Control and Prevention, recommended canceling any events over coronavirus fears.

Last Saturday, Colorado Republican Congressman Ken Buck echoed Trump's criticism of state-level authority, saying governors don't care if the federal government goes into more debt because it has offered aid to each state's separate coronavirus responses.

More than 40 states have imposed statewide stay-at-home orders. Several other states, all of which have Republican governors, have either declined or ordered lockdowns in their largest metropolitan areas only.

Reopening states won't be the end of the difficulty, Trump said, but he expressed confidence in the American people to rise to the occasion.

"We know there will be hardships and challenges ahead," the president said. "...We will reclaim the magnificent destiny that we share and we will carry our nation to new heights of greatness and glory."