伦敦——周二，英国成为第一个开始大规模接种新型冠状病毒疫苗的西方国家，全国各地的医院都参加了“历史上最大的免疫计划”。
国民健康服务(NHS)的工作人员做了他们的f整个周末为首次亮相做最后的准备，将从80多岁开始，一线健康拥有50个医院中心的工作人员和护理人员已经转变为管理第一波疫苗接种，更多的医院将在未来几周和几个月内开始接种疫苗。
“尽管存在巨大的复杂性，医院将从周二开始启动我国历史上最大规模疫苗接种运动的第一阶段，”NHS医疗主任斯蒂芬·波维斯在一份声明中说。“国民保健制度在提供大规模疫苗接种项目方面有着良好的记录——从流感疫苗接种、人类乳头瘤病毒疫苗接种和拯救生命的MMR疫苗接种——勤劳的工作人员将再次迎接挑战，保护最弱势人群免受这种可怕疾病的侵害。”
第一个在临床试验之外接受疫苗的患者是玛格丽特·基南，一位来自北爱尔兰的90岁妇女，她一年中的大部分时间都在自我隔离。在接受第一剂后，她说，“我一点也不紧张。我不知道该说什么，在鼓励其他人效仿之前，这是“有史以来最好的事情”，这真的是第一次。
“如果我能做到...你也可以。”
90岁的玛格丽特·基南是世界上第一个在临床试验之外接受辉瑞/新冠肺炎生物技术公司疫苗的人，她敦促其他人站出来接受注射。https://t.co/PlBqaezp9apic.twitter.com/OYiEbbUEj0
——ABC新闻(@ABC)2020年12月8日
第二个接种疫苗的病人是威廉·莎士比亚，81岁，在英国考文垂的同一家医院，社交媒体上出现了与他同名的传奇剧作家。
英国首相鲍里斯·约翰逊(Boris Johnson)参观了伦敦市中心的一家医院，他形容会见另一名接种疫苗的病人的经历“令人兴奋”和“令人感动”。
“没什么好紧张的，”他说说。“这很安全，这是正确的做法，对你和整个国家都有好处。”
在最优先的群体接种疫苗后，下一个合格的类别将根据年龄组确定，最后一个接受疫苗的是50岁以下的人。
疫苗将通过注射输送到肩部，但需要储存在-94F解冻温度下，这意味着向患者输送疫苗需要复杂的后勤过程。
上周，英国成为西方第一个批准大规模使用疫苗的国家，当时药物和医疗产品监管机构(MHRA)批准了辉瑞和生物技术公司的疫苗，临床试验发现该疫苗有95%的有效性。
国家过敏和传染病研究所的主任安东尼·福奇博士最近澄清了一些评论监管者没有像他们的美国同行那样“小心翼翼”他说他“对英国的科学界和监管界都很有信心”
批准该疫苗的MHRA首席执行官琼·雷恩博士说，这些数据已经在伦敦《泰晤士报》的一篇专栏文章中被“严格审查”周一出版。
她写道:“对于那些关心此事的人，我可以毫无保留地向你们保证，我们努力达到的标准相当于世界各地的标准——没有偷工减料。”。
英国卫生大臣马特·汉考克对即将到来的疫苗接种表示欢迎，认为这是一个“历史性的时刻”，但他继续“敦促每个人都尽自己的一份力量来抑制这种病毒，并遵守当地的限制”声明。
突破:英国卫生当局推出了第一剂经过广泛测试和独立审查的新冠肺炎疫苗。
第一位获奖者是祖母玛格丽特·基南，她将于下周满91岁。https://t.co/grcPdP4rrnpic.twitter.com/7oyMKSt9QV
——ABC新闻(@ABC)2020年12月8日
世卫组织发言人玛格丽特·哈里斯(Margaret Harris)博士表示，世卫组织长期以来一直倡导首先为最弱势群体接种疫苗的分阶段方法，世卫组织希望看到各国“几乎同时”为最弱势群体接种疫苗。
“因此，最终我们希望我们将有相当多的(疫苗)候选人，相当多的选择，这意味着最终你可能会相对较快地扩大你的群体。我们希望看到它几乎同时在世界各地发生，至少让那些最脆弱的群体先得到帮助。我们计算了一下，在大多数国家，这个数字大约是人口的20%。哈里斯说:“已经有相当多的人需要接种疫苗。
从短期来看，最脆弱人群的大规模疫苗接种有望减少死亡人数，缓解医疗体系负担过重的问题。
哈里斯说:“我们当然希望这会产生两个巨大的影响。”。“首先是减少对重症监护和医院病床的需求。所以你要承受这些杰出的卫生工作者的压力，他们中的一些人自从疾病爆发后就没有休息过一天...其次，如果最有可能生病的人没有生病，他们也不会死。
“所以你会看到死亡人数大幅下降——那太好了。对我来说，这将是最好的圣诞礼物，”哈里斯补充道。
The UK has started ‘historic’ mass vaccination program against coronavirus, first patient is 90-year-old grandmother
LONDON -- The U.K. has become the first western country to begin a mass vaccination program against the novel coronavirus on Tuesday as hospitals around the country take part in “the biggest immunization program in history.”
National Health Service (NHS) staff made their final preparations throughout the weekend for the rollout, which will begin with over 80s, front-linehealthworkers and carers with 50 hospital hubs that have been converted to administer the first wave of vaccinations, and more hospitals to begin vaccinating over the coming weeks and months.
“Despite the huge complexities, hospitals will kickstart the first phase of the largest scale vaccination campaign in our country’s history from Tuesday,” NHS Medical Director Stephen Powis said in a statement. “The NHS has a strong record of delivering large scale vaccination programs – from the flu jab, HPV vaccine and lifesaving MMR jabs – hardworking staff will once again rise to the challenge to protect the most vulnerable people from this awful disease.”
The first patient to receive the vaccine outside of clinical trials was Margaret Keenan, a 90-year-old woman from Northern Ireland who has been self-isolating for most of the year. After receiving the first dose, shesaid, “I wasn’t nervous at all. I don't know what to say, it's just overwhelming as the first really,” before encouraging others to follow suit as "it's the best thing that's ever happened."
“If I can do it ... so can you.”
90-year-old Margaret Keenan, the first person in the world to receive the Pfizer/BioNTech COVID-19 vaccine outside a clinical trial, urges others to come forward to be given the jab.https://t.co/PlBqaezp9apic.twitter.com/OYiEbbUEj0
— ABC News (@ABC)December 8, 2020
The second patient to be vaccinated was William Shakespeare, 81, at the same hospital in Coventry, England, and social media lit up with references to his legendary playwright namesake.
Prime Minister Boris Johnson visited a hospital in central London, and described the experience of meeting another vaccinated patient as "exciting" and "moving."
"There is nothing to be nervous about," hesaid. "It's safe, it's the right thing to do, it's good for you and it's good for the whole country.”
After the top priority groups have been vaccinated, the next categories eligible will be determined by age group, with the last to receive the vaccine being the under 50s.
The vaccine will be delivered with an injection to the shoulder but needs to be stored at -94F thawing meaning there is a complex logistical process to deliver the vaccine to patients.
The U.K. became the first country in the West to approve a vaccine for mass use last week when the Medicines and Healthcare products Regulatory Agency (MHRA) approved the Pfizer and BioNTech vaccine which clinical trials found was 95% effective.
Direcotr of the National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases Dr. Anthony Fauci clarified recently comments that suggested the Britishregulators had not acted “as carefully” as their American counterparts would have, by saying he had “great faith in both the scientific community and the regulatory community at the U.K.
Dr. June Raine, the Chief Executive of the MHRA which approved the vaccine, said that the data had been “reviewed with rigor” in an op-ed in the Times of Londonpublished on Monday.
"For those concerned, I can assure you without reservation that the standards we have worked to are equivalent to those around the world — no corners have been cut,” she wrote.
The U.K.’s Health Secretary Matt Hancock welcomed the upcoming vaccinations as a “historic moment,” but continued to “urge everybody to play their part to suppress this virus and follow the local restrictions” in astatement.
BREAKTHROUGH: U.K. health authorities have rolled out the first doses of a widely tested and independently reviewed COVID-19 vaccine.
The first recipient was grandmother Margaret Keenan, who turns 91 next week.https://t.co/grcPdP4rrnpic.twitter.com/7oyMKSt9QV
— ABC News (@ABC)December 8, 2020
The phased approach to vaccinating the most vulnerable groups first has long been advocated by the WHO, who hope to see countries vaccinate their most vulnerable "at pretty much the same time," according to WHO spokesperson Dr. Margaret Harris.
"So ultimately we hope that we will have quite a few [vaccine] candidates, quite a few options, and that means ultimately that you could probably widen your groups relatively quickly. We want to see it happening around the world at pretty much the same time, and at least getting those most vulnerable groups first. And we calculated that to be about 20% of the population in most countries. That's already quite a large number of people that you need to aim to vaccinate," said Harris.
In the short term, the hope is that mass vaccination of the most vulnerable could lead to a reduction in deaths and a relief for overburdened healthcare systems.
"Certainly we would expect that this would have two great effects," Harris said. "First a reduction in the need for intensive care and in need for hospital beds. So you take the pressure of these extraordinary health workers, some of whom haven't had a day off since their outbreaks began... and secondly, if the people most likely to get sick are not getting sick, they're also not going to die.
"So you'll see a good drop in deaths -- and that would be wonderful. For me, that would be the best Christmas present," Harris added.
