3月17日，各国民众又和股神巴菲特一起见证历史，不过这次不是美股的暴跌熔断。
美联储“降息至零+量化宽松”对股市失效后，当地时间3月17日，美联储祭出了金融危机的“大杀器”，美国政府也宣布要启动新一轮经济刺激计划，美股应声绝地反弹，道指重夺21000点关口。
美联储重启商业票据融资机制
——2008年金融危机和上世纪大萧条时才用过
3月17日，美联储正式宣布，恢复商业票据融资机制。美国财长姆努钦表示，曾向美联储主席鲍威尔致信，要求为企业建立商业票据融资机制。
姆努钦表示，商业票据基金将提供短期信贷，帮助美国企业在疫情暴发期间管理财务，美联储的商业票据工具将支持1万亿美元的信贷市场。
根据美国《联邦储备法》第13条第3款，美联储在获得财政部批准后可以创建特别融资工具。这一条款授权美联储可以在“非常时期和紧急情况下”为银行以外的任何实体提供贷款，其中包括个人、合伙企业和公司等，即任何一个具有良好信誉的个人或实体。
此前，美联储动用这一条款分别是在2008年和大萧条时期。为恢复金融系统流动性，2008年10月7日，美联储宣布大量购买企业短期无担保商业票据。当时这一举措意味着，自大萧条以来，美联储首次绕过银行，直接向美国企业放贷。
据外媒报道，美国财长姆努钦还表示，将推出1万亿美元经济刺激计划，其中包括为小企业提供3000亿美元的贷款，2000亿美元用来保持稳定性，还包括两轮2500亿美元的支票发放。考虑在未来两周内向美国民众发放支票，以缓解疫情对美国经济的影响。
道琼斯指数17日走势图。
美股暴力拉升
——道指收盘涨超千点，欧洲股市喘了口气
3月17日，已经玩暴跌暴涨“过山车”16天的美股开盘后，三大股指大涨逾2%，盘初涨幅出现回调，三大股指一度翻绿，道琼斯指数跌破20000点整数关口。在美联储祭出对付金融危机的“大杀器”后，股指绝地大反攻，暴力拉升。随后，美国政府拟推出1万亿美元经济刺激计划等消息继续提振了市场。
截至收盘，道琼斯指数上涨1048.86点，涨幅5.20%，报21237.38点；纳斯达克指数涨6.23%，报7334.78点；标普500指数涨6.00%，报2529.19点。
美股抗疫概念股大涨，美股抗疫概念股BioNTech暴涨66.5%，辉瑞收涨6.56%，此前双方宣布共同研发潜在的新冠病毒疫苗。
美股稳住了，欧洲股市也得以喘息。周二欧洲股市收盘集体上涨，德国DAX指数涨2.25%报8939.1点，法国CAC40指数涨2.84%报3991.78点，英国富时100指数涨2.79%报5294.9点。
不过，疫情全球蔓延和石油价格战双重打击下，国际油价继续全线下跌，NYMEX原油期货收跌6.17%报27.21美元/桶，布油收跌3.76%报30.5美元/桶。17日，沙特宣布计划未来在4月和5月进一步提高原油出口量，随着新油田的开发，将达到创纪录的1000多万桶/日。
美国国债依然是规避风险的“香馍馍”，美国银行3月份基金经理调查显示，目前做多美国国债是最拥挤的交易。这也导致了美元流动性恐慌加剧，美元指数涨1.64%报99.5964，创去年8月以来最大单日涨幅。
标普500指数走势日K线图。
市场的担心
——坐了17天的过山车后，按剧情，明天又暴跌？
世卫组织实时统计数据显示，截至欧洲中部时间17日16时(北京时间17日23时)，全球新冠肺炎确诊病例累计184976例，死亡病例7529例，已报告病例的国家和地区达159个。
受疫情影响，欧足联官方宣布欧洲杯推迟一年到2021年夏天。就连金融市场延续了数百年的喊价交易也受到影响，伦敦金属交易所(LME)宣布，计划自3月23日起临时关闭交易圈喊价交易。
市场普遍认为，只有更多的财政刺激措施出台且新冠病毒疫情停止恶化时，股市才会触底。其中，疫情好转是核心要素。
摩根大通全球股票策略主管米斯拉夫·马特卡给出了美股反弹所需要的三个因素：一是市场能够得到比现在积极得多的财政政策回应；二是新冠病毒疫情开始显示出明显的季节性或见顶迹象；三是市场定价对经济衰退可能性的预测过高。
与摩根大通类似，瑞士信贷集团也认为，只有在新冠病毒的日感染率达到峰值以后，市场才会触底。“核心金融市场期待的事情是看到切实的应对新冠肺炎疫情的举措，而不是简单的宽松放水。”申万宏源研究副总经理、首席策略分析师王胜直言。
有外媒评论，美联储举措导致市场在短暂做出上涨反应后，可能加剧下跌，市场还需要观察美联储还剩下什么其他弹药。如果仍不能解决问题，市场到时就会像3个月前耶伦暗示的那样，最终不得不直接购买股票和ETF。
资料图：纽约证交所。
美股疫情期间保持开放
——“我受不了！”多国救市，禁止做空股票
美国财政部长姆努钦17日在白宫表示，“坚信”美国股市将在新冠疫情期间保持开放。“我已和纽约证券交易所的主要金融机构负责人通了电话。他们每个人都想保持(股市)开放。”
美股能保持开放，但一些国家股市已难以承受市场的暴跌暂停了交易。如，菲律宾则直接关闭金融市场。
为应对股市暴跌，更多国家股市实施禁止做空等措施。17日，法国宣布禁止做空30天，比利时禁止卖空及类似交易，意大利宣布禁止做空米兰上市的所有股票。此前，英国、西班牙、泰国、韩国、土耳其等国就已宣布禁止做空。
另外，17日，日本央行砸1216亿日元狂买ETF；西班牙宣布价值2000亿欧元的援助计划；英国承诺向各行各业提供更多帮助，以应对病毒导致的经济放缓以及企业暂时关闭；法国承诺向受到新冠肺炎疫情打击的公司提供3000亿欧元的银行贷款。
瑞士瑞讯银行的一位高级分析师在给客户的一份报告中说：“世界各国政府都在寻求采取诸多措施来缓解市场的紧张情绪。”
保德信金融首席市场策略师克罗斯比认为：“如果连续降息与重要的财政计划相结合，将有助于缓解疫情对经济活动的影响，作用是积极的，但最终也只有时间才能证明这些是否会起作用。
按美股上周的剧情，明天又暴跌？(完)
On March 17, people from all over the world witnessed history together with Warren Buffett, the God of stocks. But this time, it's not the collapse of American stocks.
After the failure of the Fed's "interest rate cut to zero + quantitative easing" to the stock market, on March 17 local time, the Fed offered a "big weapon" of the financial crisis, and the U.S. government also announced that it would launch a new round of economic stimulus plan. U.S. stocks rebounded in response, and the Dow regained 21000 points.
Infographic: Federal Reserve Chairman Powell. < a target = ''u blank' href ='http://www.chinanews.com/ ', directed by Chen Meng, journalist of China News Agency
Infographic: Federal Reserve Chairman Powell. Photo by Chen Meng, reporter of China News Agency
US Federal Reserve restarts commercial paper financing mechanism
——Used only in the 2008 financial crisis and the Great Depression of the last century
On March 17, the Federal Reserve officially announced the resumption of commercial paper financing mechanism. U.S. Treasury Secretary manuchin said he had sent a letter to Federal Reserve Chairman Powell asking for the establishment of a commercial paper financing mechanism for enterprises.
The commercial paper fund will provide short-term credit to help U.S. businesses manage their finances during the outbreak, and the Fed's commercial paper tool will support a $1 trillion credit market, Mr. mnuchin said.
Under section 13, paragraph 3, of the Federal Reserve Act, the Federal Reserve may create special financing instruments with the approval of the Treasury. This clause authorizes the Federal Reserve to provide loans to any entity other than the bank "in extraordinary times and emergencies", including individuals, partnerships and companies, i.e. any individual or entity with good reputation.
Previously, the Fed used this provision in 2008 and the great depression. To restore the liquidity of the financial system, on October 7, 2008, the Federal Reserve announced a large number of purchases of short-term unsecured commercial paper of enterprises. At the time, the move meant that for the first time since the great depression, the Fed bypassed banks and lent directly to US companies.
According to foreign media reports, U.S. Treasury Secretary manuchin also said he would launch a $1 trillion economic stimulus plan, including $300 billion in loans to small businesses, $200 billion to maintain stability, and two rounds of $250 billion in checks. Consider issuing checks to Americans in the next two weeks to ease the impact of the outbreak on the U.S. economy.
Dow Jones index 17 trend chart.
Dow Jones index 17 trend chart.
Violence in the US stock market
——The Dow closed over a thousand points higher and European stocks took a breath
On March 17, after 16 days of "roller coaster ride", the three major stock indexes rose more than 2% in the opening session. The initial gains were reversed. The three major stock indexes once turned green, and the Dow Jones index fell below the 20000 point integer threshold. After the Fed offered a "big weapon" to deal with the financial crisis, the stock index Jedi made a big counterattack and the violence rose. Subsequently, news of the US government's planned $1 trillion economic stimulus plan continued to boost the market.
By the end of the day, the Dow was up 1048.86 points, or 5.20%, at 21237.38; the Nasdaq was up 6.23%, at 7334.78; the S & P 500 was up 6.00%, at 2529.19.
U.S. anti epidemic concept stocks soared, U.S. anti epidemic concept stocks biontech jumped 66.5%, and Pfizer closed up 6.56%, after the two sides announced joint research and development of a potential new coronavirus vaccine.
U.S. stocks held up and European stocks took a breather. European stocks closed higher on Tuesday, with Germany's DAX up 2.25% to 8939.1, France's CAC40 up 2.84% to 3991.78, and Britain's FTSE 100 up 2.79% to 5294.9.
However, under the double blow of the global spread of the epidemic and the oil price war, international oil prices continued to fall across the board, with NYMEX crude oil futures down 6.17% to $27.21/barrel and oil distribution down 3.76% to $30.5/barrel. On April 17, Saudi Arabia announced plans to further increase crude oil exports in April and may. With the development of new oil fields, it will reach a record of more than 10 million barrels / day.
U.S. Treasury bonds are still the "sweet bread" to avoid risks. According to the fund manager survey of Bank of America in March, it is the most crowded trade to long U.S. Treasury bonds at present. This also led to a heightened liquidity panic in the US dollar, which rose 1.64% to 99.5964, the biggest one-day gain since August last year.
Daily K-line chart of S & P 500 index trend.
Daily K-line chart of S & P 500 index trend.
Market concerns
——After taking the roller coaster for 17 days, according to the plot, will it plummet again tomorrow?
The WHO statistics show novel coronavirus pneumonia cases were diagnosed as 184976 cases in the global central age 17, 16 hours (17 hours, 23 hours in Beijing), 7529 cases of deaths were reported, and 159 cases were reported.
Affected by the outbreak, UEFA officially announced that the European Cup will be postponed for one year to the summer of 2021. Even the hundreds of years of outcry trading in financial markets has been affected, with the London Metal Exchange (LME) announcing plans to temporarily close the trading circle from March 23.
It is generally believed that the stock market will reach the bottom only when more fiscal stimulus measures are introduced and the new coronavirus epidemic stops worsening. Among them, the improvement of the epidemic situation is the core element.
Mislav Matka, head of global equity strategy at JPMorgan Chase, gave three factors needed for the rebound of US stocks: first, the market can get a much more positive fiscal policy response than it is now; second, the new coronavirus epidemic began to show obvious seasonal or peak signs; third, the market pricing over predicted the possibility of economic recession.
Like JPMorgan Chase, Credit Suisse believes that only when the daily infection rate of new coronavirus reaches
