调查2021年1月6日国会山骚乱的众议院委员会周四一致投票传唤前总统唐纳德·特朗普(Donald Trump)加大了调查小组的调查力度起义的动力和影响。
虽然之前有过几次对总统的司法传票，但国会对现任或前白宫居住者的传票很少，但并非闻所未闻。(特朗普周四没有立即表示，一旦传票发出，他会服从还是抗争。)
另外，许多总统自愿在国会作证，但没有一位在任总统被迫出庭。
这些是被国会传唤的其他在任或前任总统。
约翰·泰勒和约翰·昆西·亚当斯
两位总统离任后，国会传唤了他们。1848年的证词命令源于众议院外交事务委员会的指控，当时的国务卿丹尼尔·韦伯斯特滥用资金作为秘密“应急基金”，供总统用于秘密情报行动。
该基金的支出需要总统签字，这导致国会寻求亚当斯和泰勒的证词。当时在任的詹姆斯·波尔克总统出于对前任政府的尊重，拒绝向国会提供详细信息。
两位前总统仍然合作，两个特别调查委员会对泰勒进行了质询，而亚当斯向其中一人提供了宣誓证词。
Former President Donald Trump speaks at the Conservative Political Action Conference 2022 (CPAC) in Orlando, Fla., Feb. 26, 2022.
chandan Khan na/法新社
哈里·杜鲁门
臭名昭著的众议院反美活动委员会在冷战时期的红色恐慌中达到了顶峰，它传唤前总统哈里·杜鲁门获取有关他的“忠诚计划”的信息，该计划旨在根除任何忠于苏联的人。
传票是在他离任后发出的，围绕着杜鲁门对一名助理财政部长的任命，据说此人与共产党有联系。
杜鲁门说在信中他不会接受传票，尽管他“个人愿意”合作，引用宪法的分权。
他写道:“如果你的目的是调查我担任总统之前或之后的任何私人行为，并且与我担任总统的任何行为无关，我将很乐意出庭。”。
理查德·尼克松
尼克松实际上被国会传唤过两次，都与水门事件有关。
调查水门事件的参议院小组在1974年不止一次传唤尼克松索要磁带和记录，尽管他拒绝了，法院最终拒绝了委员会执行其中一份传票的努力。
然而，众议院司法委员会也在调查最终使尼克松失去职业生涯的盗窃案，传唤了尼克松最终交出的文件-尽管该委员会认为他没有交出他所有的文件。
Trump isn't the first president to be subpoenaed by Congress: Here are the others
The House committee investigating the Jan. 6, 2021, riot on Capitol Hillunanimously voted on Thursday to subpoenaformer President Donald Trump, escalating the panel's efforts to dig intothe impetus and impacts of the insurrection.
While there have been several judicial subpoenas for presidents before, congressional subpoenas for sitting or former White House occupants are rare -- but not unheard of. (Trump did not immediately say Thursday whether he would comply or fight once the subpoena was issued.)
Separately, numerous presidents have voluntarily testified before Congress, but no sitting president has been forced to appear.
Here are the other presidents, sitting or former, who have been subpoenaed by Congress.
John Tyler and John Quincy Adams
Congress subpoenaed the two presidents after they had already left office. The orders for testimony in 1848 stemmed from accusations by the House Committee on Foreign Affairs that then-Secretary of State Daniel Webster misused money for a secret "contingent fund" used by presidents for clandestine intelligence operations.
Spending from the fund required presidential signatures, which led Congress to seek the testimonies of Adams and Tyler. In office at the time, President James Polk refused to provide detailed information to Congress out of deference to the prior administrations.
The two former presidents still cooperated, with two select investigative committees questioning Tyler while Adams provided a sworn deposition to one of them.
Harry Truman
The infamous House Committee on Un-American Activities, which reached its height during the Cold War-era Red Scare, subpoenaed former President Harry Truman to get information on his "Loyalty Program," which was intended to root out anyone loyal to the Soviet Union.
The subpoena was issued after he left office and centered around Truman's appointment of an assistant treasury secretary who was rumored to have communist ties.
Truman saidin a letterthat he would not accommodate the subpoena in spite of his "personal willingness" to cooperate, citing the Constitution's separation of powers.
"If your intention is to inquire into any acts as a private individual either before or after my Presidency and unrelated to any acts as President, I shall be happy to appear," he wrote.
Richard Nixon
Nixon was actually subpoenaed twice by Congress, both in relation to the Watergate scandal.
The Senate panel probing the Watergate break-in subpoenaed Nixon in 1974 for tapes and records on more than one occasion, though he declined, and the court ultimately rejected an effort by the committee to enforce one of the subpoenas.
However, the House Judiciary Committee, which was also investigating the burglary that ended up costing Nixon his career, subpoenaed documents that Nixon did end up handing over -- though the committee didn't think he had turned over all he had.
