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共和党人预告攻击,凯坦吉·布朗·杰克逊面临第四次参议院质询

2022-03-22 10:40  ABC   - 

对于最高法院候选人凯坦吉·布朗·杰克逊来说,这是参议院确认听证会已经结束了。接下来是问题——两天19个小时。

51岁的杰克逊周一在参议院司法委员会前宣誓就职,发表了开场声明,并向全国重新介绍了自己。

“我希望你们会看到我有多爱我们的国家,以及宪法和让我们自由的权利,”她对将对她历史性提名进行投票的参议员们说。

周二,杰克逊将依靠她之前三次被司法委员会质疑的经历——这是30年来最多的一次——11名共和党人和11名民主党人轮流调查她的司法哲学,她作为公共辩护人的记录以及她在法官席上近九年的法律意见。

“对最高法院来说,这是一场新游戏,”南卡罗来纳州参议员林赛·格雷厄姆(Lindsey Graham)说,他是去年投票确认杰克逊进入美国第二高法院哥伦比亚特区巡回法院的三名共和党人之一。

熟悉准备工作的消息人士告诉ABC新闻,杰克逊在过去几周一直在白宫工作人员进行的模拟会议上为聚光灯练习。她还单独会见了该委员会的每位成员以及来自两党的另外23名参议员。

周二,每位参议员将有30分钟的单独一轮提问时间,如果每位参议员都用完了分配给他或她的时间,那么总共将超过11个小时。对于联邦法官或政治提名人来说,这种质询不同于其他任何质询,很大程度上是因为这关系到终身任期。

调查杰克逊的犯罪记录

虽然民主党人强调了杰克逊提名的历史性质和她令人信服的个人故事,但共和党人发誓要对她在数百起案件中的记录进行“彻底和民事”的审查,一些人声称这表明她“对犯罪心慈手软”。

密苏里州的共和党参议员乔希·霍利最尖锐的批评到目前为止,杰克逊的记录,指控她“长期记录”让儿童色情罪犯在判刑“摆脱困境”。

在周一的声明中,霍利提出了七起儿童色情罪犯案件,其中杰克逊在地方法院期间发布的判决低于联邦指导方针。(此类案件中大约60%的判决低于指导原则的要求,根据美国量刑委员会在霍利引用的大多数案例中,联邦检察官要求的刑期比指导方针建议的要短。)

“我对试图抓住你没兴趣,”霍利告诉杰克逊。“我对她的回答很感兴趣,因为我发现我们在一起的时候,她非常有思想,非常有成就,我怀疑她有一个连贯的观点,一种解释,一种我想听到的思考方式。”

白宫和几个独立的事实审查员称这些指控是误导和不公平的。国家评论,保守的出版物称这些指控“毫无价值到了蛊惑人心的地步”,是“诽谤”

聚焦杰克逊为关塔那摩囚犯辩护

共和党人明确表示,他们还将针对杰克逊为关押在关塔那摩湾美国军事监狱的一名被指控的恐怖分子所做的辩护,她被指派为联邦公共辩护人。

田纳西州的参议员玛莎·布莱克本(Marsha Blackburn)说,“你没有把你的时间和才华用于为我们国家的退伍军人或其他弱势群体服务,而是提供免费的法律服务,帮助恐怖分子离开关塔那摩,重返战场。”

杰克逊此前曾解释说,她的服务是信仰宪法价值观的一个例子,宪法价值观是每个人在美国司法系统中获得辩护的权利,她还提到了她与9/11事件后美国军人牺牲的个人联系。她的哥哥是一名老兵。

界定司法哲学

几名共和党人说,他们计划向杰克逊施压,让他描述她的司法哲学。

在去年的听证会上,杰克逊直率地说她“本身没有司法哲学,除了对每一个案件都采用同样的彻底分析的方法,不管当事人是谁。”

保守的法学家倾向于对宪法和法律解释采取一种更狭隘的观点,只坚持文本及其在写作时的原始含义。自由派法学家倾向于采取更开阔的观点,考虑立法者的意图和围绕法律各方面的不断发展的背景。

“在任何最高法院的提名中,我最看重的是被提名人对法律的看法,”司法委员会的首席共和党成员、爱荷华州参议员查克·格拉斯利说。“我将关注杰克逊法官是否如最初理解的那样致力于宪法。”

种族、平权行动和自由优先

当共和党人试图淡化与种族相关的问题时,杰克逊的与哈佛大学的联系一个即将到来的涉及学校在招生中使用种族的重大高等法院案件可能会打开这类调查的大门。如果得到证实,她将坐在法官席上审理此案。

几名共和党参议员周一也表示,他们打算向杰克逊施压,要求他对进步法律倡导团体支持她的提名和扩大最高法院的席位或“法院包装”做出回应,现任大法官反对这种做法。

“我们必须保护法院,”犹他州共和党参议员李政颖宣布,暗示他将寻求杰克逊否认这些组织的活动。

PHOTO: Supreme Court nominee Judge Ketanji Brown Jackson listens during her confirmation hearing before the Senate Judiciary Committee in Washington, March 21, 2022.

卡罗琳·卡斯特/美联社

最高法院提名法官凯坦吉布朗杰克逊听她确认他..

特朗普政府的裁决

在周一的听证会上,前总统唐纳德·特朗普(Donald Trump)只被顺便提及一次,但杰克逊针对特朗普政府做出的几项决定可能会在周二受到审查。

“我很想知道,为什么在某些情况下,你发现自己无法决定某个特定问题,而在其他情况下,你却禁止共和党政府实施其政策,”得克萨斯州共和党参议员约翰·科宁说,他指的是其中的一些决定。

在保守派引用的一个案例中,杰克逊阻止了特朗普政府加快驱逐出境的计划,因为这一政策变化可能违反了《行政程序法》,并且“武断而多变”。华盛顿巡回法院后来推翻了这一决定。

杰克逊裁定前特朗普白宫法律顾问唐·麦克加恩不得不服从政府的反对也将引起关注。

“总统不是国王,”杰克逊写道。“相反,在这片自由的土地上,白宫的现任和前任雇员为美国人民工作,他们宣誓保护和捍卫美国宪法,这是无可争议的。”

未来两天的质询可能对白宫的目标至关重要,即确保至少一些共和党人支持杰克逊的确认。三名共和党参议员投票支持她在华盛顿巡回法院的提名。但是民主党也有他们自己对杰克逊确认的投票,党的领导人说他们计划在复活节前完成。

Ketanji Brown Jackson faces 4th Senate grilling as Republicans preview attacks

For Supreme Court nominee Ketanji Brown Jackson, the easiest part of aSenate confirmation hearingis over. Next come the questions -- 19 hours of them over two days.

Jackson, 51, was sworn in Monday before the Senate Judiciary Committee, delivering an opening statement and reintroducing herself to the nation.

"I hope that you will see how much I love our country, and the Constitution and the rights that make us free," she told the senators who will vote on her historic nomination.

On Tuesday, Jackson will lean on her three prior experiences being questioned by the Judiciary Committee -- more than any other nominee in 30 years -- as its 11 Republicans and 11 Democrats take turns probing her judicial philosophy, her record as a public defender and her legal opinions spanning nearly nine years on the bench.

"This is a new game for the Supreme Court," said Sen. Lindsey Graham of South Carolina, one of three Republicans who voted to confirm Jackson to the D.C. Circuit, the nation's second-highest court, just last year.

Jackson has spent the past few weeks practicing for the spotlight during mock sessions conducted with White House staff, sources familiar with the preparations told ABC News. She also met individually with each of the committee's members and 23 other senators from both parties.

Each senator will get a 30-minute solo round of questioning on Tuesday, totaling more than 11 hours if each uses all of his or her allotted time. The grilling is unlike any other for federal judges or political nominees in large part because of the lifetime tenure on the line.

Probing Jackson's record on crime

While Democrats have emphasized the historic nature of Jackson's nomination and her compelling personal story, Republicans have vowed "thorough and civil" scrutiny of her record in hundreds of cases, which some have alleged shows she is "soft on crime."

Republican Sen. Josh Hawley of Missouri has leveled themost pointed critiqueof Jackson's record so far, accusing her of a "long record" of letting child porn offenders "off the hook" in sentencing.

During his statement Monday, Hawley raised seven child porn offender cases in which Jackson issued sentences below federal guidelines while on the District Court. (Roughly 60% of sentences in such cases are lower than what the guidelines call for,according to the U.S. Sentencing Commission, and in most of the cases Hawley cited, federal prosecutors requested sentences shorter than what the guidelines suggest.)

"​​I'm not interested in trying to play gotcha," Hawley told Jackson. "I am interested in her answers, because I found in our time together that she was enormously thoughtful, enormously accomplished and I suspect has a coherent view, an explanation, a way of thinking about this that I want to hear."

The White House and severalindependent fact-checkershave called the claims misleading and unfair. The National Review,a conservative publication, called the allegations "meritless to the point of demagoguery" and a "smear."

Spotlight on Jackson's defense of Gitmo detainee

Republicans made clear they will also take aim at Jackson's defense of an accused terrorist held at the U.S. military prison at Guantanamo Bay -- a case she was assigned to as a federal public defender.

"You used your time and talent not to serve our nation's veterans or other vulnerable groups, but to provide free legal services to help terrorists get out of Gitmo and go back to the fight," said Sen. Marsha Blackburn of Tennessee.

Jackson has previously explained her service as an example of belief in constitutional values -- the right of each person to a defense in the American judicial system -- and noted her personal connection to the sacrifices of U.S. service members after 9/11. Her brother is a veteran.

Defining a judicial philosophy

Several Republicans said they planned to press Jackson to characterize her judicial philosophy.

During her confirmation hearing last year, Jacksonsaid outrightthat she does "not have a judicial philosophy per se, other than to apply the same method of thorough analysis to every case, regardless of the parties."

Conservative jurists tend to take a narrower view of constitutional and legal interpretation, sticking only to the text and its original meaning at the time it was written. Liberal jurists tend to take a more expansive view, taking into account the intent of legislators and evolving context around aspects of law.

"In any supreme court nomination, the most important thing that I look for is the nominee's view of the law," said the Judiciary Committee's top Republican member, Sen. Chuck Grassley of Iowa. "I'll be looking to see whether judge Jackson is committed to the Constitution as it was originally understood."

Race, affirmative action and liberal priorities

While Republicans have sought to downplay questions related to race, Jackson'sties to Harvard Universityand a major upcoming high court case involving the school's use of race in admissions could open the door to those types of inquiries. She would be on the bench to hear the case if confirmed.

Several GOP senators also signaled Monday they intend to press Jackson to answer for progressive legal advocacy groups backing both her nomination and an expansion of the Supreme Court's bench, or "court packing," which the current justices oppose.

"We must protect the court," declared Republican Sen. Mike Lee of Utah, hinting he would look for Jackson to disavow the groups' activities.

Trump administration rulings

Former President Donald Trump was only mentioned by name once in passing during Monday's hearing, but several decisions Jackson issued against the Trump administration will likely be scrutinized Tuesday.

"I'm eager to understand why in some instances, you found that you could not decide a particular issue while in other instances you enjoined a Republican administration from implementing its policies," said Republican Sen. John Cornyn of Texas, alluding to some of those decisions.

In one case cited by conservatives, Jackson blocked a Trump administration plan to fast-track deportations because the policy change likely violated the Administrative Procedures Act and was "arbitrary and capricious." The D.C. Circuit later overturned the decision.

Jackson's ruling that former Trump White House counsel Don McGahnhad to complywith a congressional subpoena over the administration's objections will also draw attention.

"Presidents are not kings," Jackson wrote. "Rather, in this land of liberty, it is indisputable that current and former employees of the White House work for the People of the United States, and that they take an oath to protect and defend the Constitution of the United States."

The two days of questioning ahead could prove critical to the White House goal of securing at least some Republican support for Jackson's confirmation. Three GOP senators voted in favor of her nomination to the D.C. Circuit. But Democrats also have the votes on their own for Jackson's confirmation, which party leaders have said they plan to complete before Easter.

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