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俄罗斯、中国、伊朗、叙利亚和古巴在反对美国制裁的斗争中相互支持

2019-09-07 12:44  美国新闻网  -  3858

 

俄罗斯、中国、伊朗、叙利亚和古巴是公开反对美国利用制裁在世界各地实施外交政策的国家之一,这些大国寻求在共同斗争中相互支持的方式。

古巴外交部长布鲁诺·罗德里格斯周四在推特上给唐纳德·特朗普总统的政府打电话,称美国对伊朗海上实体的制裁是对国际法的又一次违反宣布进一步限制反对伊斯兰共和国运输石油的努力。他说,这些“阻止伊朗石油流动的强制性措施影响到伊朗和叙利亚的兄弟民族,威胁到[动荡地区的和平”

第二天,伊朗外长穆罕默德·贾瓦德·扎里夫转发了这条信息,并在周五写道“#美国#反对古巴、中国、俄罗斯、叙利亚、伊朗的经济特征主义...故意以平民为目标,试图通过恐吓无辜人民来实现非法的政治目标。”他补充道:“美国[流氓行为现在包括海盗、贿赂和勒索。我们向古巴致敬,站在那里。”

尽管华盛顿出于政治目的使用制裁的时间远远早于特朗普入主白宫的时间,但这位共和党领导人已经扩大了这种做法——其中一些目标正在反击。

syria damascus international fair sanctions trade
8月30日,人们来到叙利亚首都参加大马士革国际博览会。华盛顿警告说,任何参与者都可能因被列入叙利亚政府黑名单而受到制裁,但包括白俄罗斯、中国、古巴、印度尼西亚、伊朗、伊拉克、朝鲜、北马其顿、阿曼、巴基斯坦、菲律宾、俄罗斯、阿拉伯联合酋长国和委内瑞拉在内的许多国家都可能受到制裁。

就在美国伊朗问题特别代表布莱恩·胡克宣布对德黑兰实施新限制的前一天,贸易杂志《伊朗革命卫队》宣布对那些试图破坏伊朗精英海上网络的人给予1500万美元的奖励石油经济学家援引一位高级消息人士的话说,中国已同意向伊朗石油和天然气行业投资约2800亿美元。

美国和中国已经陷入了一场数十亿美元的贸易战,特朗普政府已经将主要电信公司华为列入黑名单。周三被问及与伊朗的所谓交易时,中国外交部发言人表示,他“不知道”这一信息,但坚称“中国和伊朗享有友好关系,我们两国在国际法框架内的各个领域开展友好互利合作。”

俄罗斯和中国与美国、欧盟、法国、德国和英国一道,于2015年与伊朗达成核协议,解除国际制裁,换取德黑兰同意遏制其核活动。去年,特朗普单方面放弃了该协议,原因是伊朗涉嫌资助海外激进组织和发展导弹技术。

然而,该协议的其他签署国继续支持该协议,尽管由于美国的制裁,欧洲大国在很大程度上未能兑现贸易关系正常化的承诺。然而,俄罗斯和中国一直保持着与伊朗的贸易往来追求他们自己的共同议程前者的一名官员提出了一项安排,可以让德黑兰恢复一些损失的石油贸易。

今年7月,伊朗海上交通遭受打击,当时英国扣押了一艘超级油轮,此前英国指控伊朗试图通过直布罗陀海峡向叙利亚运输石油。叙利亚政府在莫斯科和德黑兰的支持下,一直被指控在针对反叛分子和圣战分子的内战中犯有战争罪。俄罗斯管理的克里米亚总理乔治·穆拉多夫上月表示,他可以允许伊朗船只通过伏尔加-顿河和黑海进入地中海,以示支持。

穆拉多夫当时对国营的俄罗斯塔斯社说:“伊朗和克里米亚之间合作的共同利益正在增长,特别是考虑到美国的反伊朗政策、对该国实施的制裁以及相关后果。”。

2014年,在基辅发生政治起义后,国际社会中断的公投导致克里米亚被俄罗斯从乌克兰吞并。美国认为此举是非法的,因此对俄罗斯和克里米亚地区政府都实施了制裁。在特朗普的领导下,美国扩大了对莫斯科的制裁。

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6月14日,俄罗斯总统普京、中国习近平主席和伊朗总统鲁哈尼在吉尔吉斯斯坦比什凯克出席上海合作组织国家元首理事会会议时散步。面对美国敌对的经济政策,三位领导人承诺加强合作。

特朗普还试图逆转上届政府放松对古巴限制的努力。自共产党革命推翻美国支持的古巴政府以来,古巴一直是近60年封锁的目标。古巴副总理里卡多·卡布里萨斯星期五接见了大马士革驻哈瓦那大使伊德里斯·米娅,“重申古巴支持叙利亚的反恐战争,并强调需要加强两国在各个领域的关系,特别是在经济领域。”

 

周五,第61届大马士革国际交易会也宣告结束,美国警告称,此次交易会可能制裁任何参与者。尽管存在这种威胁,但参加的国家包括白俄罗斯、中国、古巴、印度尼西亚、伊朗、伊拉克、朝鲜、北马其顿、阿曼、巴基斯坦、菲律宾、俄罗斯、阿拉伯联合酋长国和委内瑞拉,这是特朗普政府所谓的“最大压力”运动的最新目标。

 

尽管美国及其许多盟友今年早些时候切断了与委内瑞拉总统尼古拉斯·马杜罗的联系,以支持反对派控制的国民议会议长胡安·瓜伊多的领导宣言,但俄罗斯、中国、伊朗、叙利亚和古巴等几十个国家继续后退社会主义领袖。支持者认为瓜伊多的权力争夺是一场民主运动,政府腐败和管理不善受到指控,反对者则认为这是美帝国主义在拉丁美洲的延伸。

朝鲜也支持马杜罗,对美国的干预持怀疑态度。尽管在过去一年半里,朝鲜一直在寻求与特朗普政府的和平,但它仍然受制于或许是最强有力的“最大压力”方法。在过去的两天里,朝鲜高层官员会见了中国外交部长王毅和俄罗斯外交部副部长尤里·特鲁特涅夫,以巩固两国关系。

RUSSIA, CHINA, IRAN, SYRIA AND CUBA SUPPORT EACH OTHER IN FIGHT AGAINST U.S. SANCTIONS

Russia, China, Iran, Syria and Cuba are among the nations that have come out against the United States' use of sanctions to enforce its foreign policy around the world and these powers have sought ways to support each other in their common struggle.

Cuban Foreign Minister Bruno Rodríguez called President Donald Trump's administration out Thursday on Twitter, arguing that "#US sanctions against Iran´s maritime entities are another violation of International Law" in response to the State Department's announcement of further restrictions against the Islamic Republic's efforts to ship oil. He said that these "coercive measures preventing the movement of Iranian oil affect the brother peoples of #Iran and #Syria and threaten #Peace in that [volatile] region."

The following day, his Iranian counterpart Mohammad Javad Zarif, retweeted the message, writing Friday that "#US #EconomicTerrorism against Cuba, China, Russia, Syria, Iran &... deliberately target civilians, trying to achieve illegitimate political objectives through intimidation of innocent people." He added: "US [rogue] behavior now includes piracy, bribery & blackmail. We salute Cuba & stand w/it."

While Washington's use of sanctions for political purposes far predates Trump's time in the White House, the Republican leader has expanded the practice — and a number of these targets are fighting back.

syria damascus international fair sanctions trade
People arrive to attend the Damascus International Fair in the Syrian capital, August 30. Washington warned any participant could be subject to sanctions due to its blacklisting of the Syrian government, but a number of countries including Belarus, China, Cuba, Indonesia, Iran, Iraq, North Korea, North Macedonia, Oman, Pakistan, the Philippines, Russia, the United Arab Emirates and Venezuela.

A day before U.S. special representative on Iran Brian Hook announced new restrictions on Tehran and a $15 million reward for those seeking to disrupt the maritime network of the country's elite Revolutionary Guards, trade magazine Petroleum Economist cited a senior source as saying that China had agreed to invest some $280 billion in Iran's oil and gas industry.

The U.S. and China are already locked in a multibillion-dollar trade war and the Trump administration has blacklisted major telecommunications firm Huawei. Asked Wednesday on the alleged deal with Iran, Chinese Foreign Ministry spokesperson said he was "not aware" of the information, but maintained that "China and Iran enjoy friendly relations and our two countries conduct friendly and mutually beneficial cooperation in various fields within the framework of international law."

Russia and China joined the U.S., the European Union, France, Germany and the United Kingdom in forging a nuclear deal with Iran in 2015, lifting international sanctions in exchange for Tehran agreeing to curb its nuclear activities. Last year, Trump unilaterally abandoned the accord due to Iran's alleged funding of militant groups abroad and its development of missile technology.

The deal's other signatories have continued to support it, however, though European powers have largely failed to come through on promises of normalized trade ties due to U.S. sanctions. Russia and China, however, have kept up business with Iran as the pair pursued their own joint agendaand one official from the former has proposed an arrangement that could see Tehran restore some of its lost oil trade.

Iran's seaborne traffic suffered a blow in July when the U.K. seized one of its supertankers after accusing Iran of trying to transport oil through the Strait of Gibraltar to Syria, whose government — backed by Moscow and Tehran — has been accused of war crimes throughout a civil war against rebels and jihadis. In a show of support, Russia-administered Crimea Prime Minister Georgy Muradov said last month that he could allow Iranian ships access to the Mediterranean via the Volga-Don canal and the Black Sea.

"Mutual interest in cooperation between Iran and Crimea is growing, especially considering the anti-Iranian policy of the U.S., sanctions introduced against this country and related consequence," Muradov told the state-run Tass Russian News Agency at the time.

Crimea was annexed by Russia from Ukraine in 2014 after an internationally-disrupted referendum that took place in the wake of a political uprising in Kiev. Viewing the move as illegal, the U.S. laid out sanctions against both Russia and the regional government in Crimea. Under Trump, the U.S. has expanded sanctions against Moscow.

russia china iran putin xi rouhani
Russian President Vladimir Putin, Chinese President Xi Jinping and Iranian President Hassan Rouhani walk as they attend a meeting of the Shanghai Cooperation Organization Council of Heads of State in Bishkek, Kyrgyzstan, June 14. The three leaders have pledged closer cooperation in the face of adversarial U.S. economic policies.

Trump has also sought to reverse the previous administration's efforts to ease restrictions against Cuba, which has been the target of a nearly-six decade embargo since a communist revolution overthrew a U.S.-backed administration there. Cuban Deputy Prime Minister Ricardo Cabrisas received Damascus' ambassador to Havana Idris Mia on Friday, "reiterating his country's support for Syria in its war on terrorism and stressing the need to strengthen relations between the two countries in all fields, especially economic ones."

 

Friday also saw the conclusion of the 61st Damascus International Fair, an event of which the U.S. warned it may sanction any participant. Despite this threat, among those that attended included Belarus, China, Cuba, Indonesia, Iran, Iraq, North Korea, North Macedonia, Oman, Pakistan, the Philippines, Russia, the United Arab Emirates and Venezuela, the latest target of the Trump administration's so-called "maximum pressure" campaign.

 

Though the U.S. and many of its allies cut ties with Venezuelan President Nicolás Maduro earlier this year to back opposition-controlled National Assembly head Juan Guaidó's declaration of leadership, dozens of nations such as Russia, China, Iran, Syria and Cuba have continued to backthe socialist leader. Supporters have seen Guaidó's bid for power as a campaign for democracy amid accusations of government corruption and mismanagement and by opponents as an extension of U.S. imperialism in Latin America.

Also supportive of Maduro and suspicious of U.S. intervention was North Korea, which, despite pursuing peace with the Trump administration over the past year and a half, still remained subject to perhaps the most potent "maximum pressure" approach of all. In the past two days, top North Korean officials have met with Chinese Foreign Minister Wang Yi and Russian Deputy Foreign Minister Yuri Trutnev to shore up ties.

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