前总统吉米·卡特是谁接受临终关怀在一系列短暂的住院治疗后，他在最近几年出现了一些健康问题。
现年98岁的卡特是年龄最大、寿命最长的美国总统人物杂志2015年，当他95岁的时候，他从没想过能活这么久。
以下是卡特最近面临的一些健康挑战:
他的肝脏手术
卡特于2015年8月2日在埃默里大学医院接受了选择性手术，以移除他肝脏中的一个小肿块，卡特中心宣布的当时。
虽然手术很成功，医生说他会完全康复，但手术揭示了这位前总统进一步的健康挑战。
2015年癌症诊断
2015年8月11日，卡特说他的肝脏手术显示他患有癌症范围他身体的其他部分。
“我将根据需要重新安排我的日程，这样我就可以在埃默里医疗中心接受医生的治疗，”他通过他的组织在一份声明中说。
卡特家族有癌症病史。他的母亲死于乳腺癌。他的父亲、两个姐妹和一个兄弟都死于胰腺癌。
医生发现卡特患有黑色素瘤，这是影响美国男女最常见的癌症之一，也是最危险的皮肤癌。
黑色素瘤有很高的风险通过血流或淋巴系统转移到身体的其他部位。
这位第39任总统在2015年8月20日的新闻发布会上表示，对他头部和颈部的核磁共振成像显示，癌症已经扩散到他大脑的四个不同部位。
当时已经90岁的卡特说，当他发现癌症已经扩散时，他认为自己剩下的时间不多了，这并没有让他惊慌。
“我只是认为我还有几周时间，但我出奇地放松，”卡特说。“我的生活很精彩。我有成千上万的朋友……所以我出奇地轻松，比我妻子轻松多了。”
在新闻发布会上，卡特说，尽管知道自己活了完整的一生很容易，但他将遵循医生的建议，以确保尽可能“延长”自己的生命。
他接受了手术、放射治疗和称为免疫疗法的癌症治疗来对抗疾病。
卡特在2015年8月至2016年2月期间接受了治疗。
2015年12月，卡特对治疗反应良好，他说核磁共振扫描显示，他的大脑不再有任何黑色素瘤斑点的迹象，也没有任何新的斑点出现。
这位前总统在2016年3月向他的教堂宣布，医生在没有发现肿瘤迹象后停止了对他的治疗。
据专家称，成功的治疗可能主要归功于药物pembrolizumab，该药物通过增强人体免疫系统来靶向癌症。美国美国食品药品监督管理局在2011年批准了这项治疗。
人道家园脱水
2017年7月13日，这位2002年诺贝尔和平奖得主在加拿大温尼伯的一个人道主义家园建设家园时脱水，被送往医院观察。
卡特出院后的第二天，他回到了工作现场，卡特中心宣布。
在他乔治亚州的家中摔倒
他的组织在2019年5月宣布，卡特在佐治亚州普莱恩斯的家中摔倒，当时他正准备去猎火鸡，摔断了臀部。
这位格莱美奖得主于2019年5月13日在佐治亚州阿梅里克斯的菲比·萨姆特医疗中心接受了髋关节置换手术。
卡特基金会表示:“卡特总统表示，他主要担心的是火鸡季将于本周结束，他还没有达到自己的极限。”"他希望佐治亚州允许他将未使用的限额延期到明年。"
几天后，卡特中心宣布，他将接受手术后的物理治疗，并在家中康复。
2019年10月6日，卡特在佐治亚州的家中摔倒。他最后在一边眉毛上缝了几针。
几周后，2019年10月22日，这位前总统在家中再次摔倒。卡特中心说，他被送入医院，接受了轻微骨盆骨折的治疗。
卡特于2019年11月12日接受了手术，以减轻因家中摔倒而出血对大脑造成的压力。据卡特中心称，手术没有任何并发症。
家庭临终关怀
周六，卡特中心宣布，这位前总统正在家中接受临终关怀，预计他将在家中与他所爱的人度过他的最后时刻，而不是寻求进一步的治疗。
“他得到了家人和医疗团队的全力支持，”卡特中心在一份声明中说。“在此期间，卡特一家要求隐私，并感谢他的许多崇拜者表现出的关注。”
尽管近年来健康状况不佳，卡特仍将他的长寿归功于他的妻子、前第一夫人罗丝琳·卡特。
“活到95岁很难，”他在2019年接受《人物》杂志采访时表示，这是他第二次摔倒后的几周。“我认为最好的解释是嫁给最好的配偶，一个会照顾你、关心你、做挑战你的事情、让你保持活力和对生活的兴趣的人。”
A look back at Jimmy Carter's health journey and thoughts on aging
Former President Jimmy Carter, who isreceiving hospice careat home after a series of short hospital stays, has had several health issues in recent years.
At 98 years old, Carter is the oldest and longest-lived U.S. President, tellingPeople Magazinein 2015, when he was 95, that he never expected to be alive for as long as he has.
Here are some of the recent health challenges that Carter has faced:
Surgery on his liver
Carter underwent elective surgery on Aug. 2, 2015, at Emory University Hospital to remove a small mass in his liver, the Carter Centerannouncedat the time.
While the surgery was successful and doctors said he would make a full recovery, the surgery revealed further health challenges for the former president.
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2015 cancer diagnosis
On Aug. 11, 2015, Carter said that the surgery on his liver revealed that he had cancer and itspreadto other parts of his body.
"I will be rearranging my schedule as necessary so I can undergo treatment by physicians at Emory Healthcare," he said in a statement through his organization.
There is a history of cancer in Carter's family. His mother died of breast cancer. His father, two sisters and brother all died of pancreatic cancer.
Doctors discovered that Carter had melanoma, one of the most common cancers affecting men and women in the U.S. and the most dangerous form of skin cancer.
Melanoma has a very high risk of metastasizing throughout the bloodstream or lymphatic system and to other body parts.
The 39th president said at an Aug. 20, 2015 press conference, that an MRI of his head and neck revealed that the cancer had spread to four different parts of his brain.
Carter, who was 90 years old at the time, said that when he discovered that the cancer had spread, he thought he didn't have much time left, which didn't alarm him.
"I just thought I had a few weeks left, but I was surprisingly at ease," Carter said. "I've had a wonderful life. I have thousands of friends…so I was surprisingly at ease, much more so than my wife was."
At the press conference, Carter said that despite the ease of knowing he lived a full life, he would follow his doctors' recommendation to ensure he "extends" his life as long as he can.
He underwent surgery, radiation therapy and cancer treatment called immunotherapy to fight the disease.
Carter received treatments between August 2015 through February 2016.
In December 2015, responding well to treatment, Carter said MRI scans showed that there were no longer any signs of spots of melanoma on his brain, nor did any new ones develop.
The former president announced to his church in March 2016, that doctors stopped his treatment after seeing no signs of tumors.
According to experts, the successful treatment was likely primarily due to the drug pembrolizumab, which targets cancer by ramping up the body's immune system. The U.S. Food and Drug Administration approved the treatment in 2011.
Dehydration at Habitat for Humanity
On July 13, 2017, the 2002 Nobel Peace Prize recipient was taken to the hospital for observation after becoming dehydrated while building homes in the hot sun at a Habitat for Humanity site in Winnipeg, Canada.
Carter was back at the work site the next day following his discharge from the hospital, the Carter Centerannounced.
Falls at his Georgia home
Carter fell at his Plains, Georgia, home as he was leaving to go turkey hunting, breaking his hip, his organization announced in May 2019.
The Grammy Award winner had hip replacement surgery at Phoebe Sumter Medical Center in Americus, Georgia, on May 13, 2019.
"President Carter said his main concern is that turkey season ends this week, and he has not reached his limit," the Carter Foundation said. "He hopes the State of Georgia will allow him to rollover the unused limit to next year."
A few days later, the Carter Center announced that he would be undergoing physical therapy from the surgery and recovering at home.
On Oct. 6, 2019, Carter fell at his home in Georgia. He ended up getting stitches above one of his eyebrows.
A few weeks later, on Oct. 22, 2019, the former president fell again at his home. He was admitted to the hospital and treated for a minor pelvic fracture, the Carter Center said.
Carter had surgery on Nov. 12, 2019, to relieve pressure on his brain caused by bleeding because of the falls at his home. According to the Carter Center, there weren't any complications from the surgery.
Former U.S. President Jimmy Carter takes questions from the media during a news conference at the Carter Center in Atlanta, Aug. 20, 2015.
John Amis/Reuters, FILE
At-home hospice care
On Saturday, The Carter Center announced that the former president is receiving hospice care at home, where he is expected to spend his final moments with his loved ones, rather than seek further medical treatment.
"He has the full support of his family and his medical team," the Carter Center said in a statement. "The Carter family asks for privacy during this time and is grateful for the concern shown by his many admirers."
Despite the health challenges in recent years, Carter credits his marriage to his wife, former first lady Rosalynn Carter, for his longevity.
"It's hard to live until you're 95 years old," he told People Magazine in 2019, a few weeks after his second fall. "I think the best explanation for that is to marry the best spouse, someone who will take care of you and engage and do things to challenge you and keep you alive and interested in life."
