美联储，财政部和联邦存款保险公司周日宣布，他们将提供额外的资金，以确保所有硅谷银行存款，无论投保与否，都将全额支付。
“在收到联邦存款保险公司和美联储董事会的建议，并与总统协商后，耶伦部长批准采取行动，使联邦存款保险公司能够以充分保护所有储户的方式完成对加州圣克拉拉硅谷银行的清算，”他们在一份联合声明中说。“从3月13日星期一开始，储户将可以取出他们所有的钱。纳税人不会承担与硅谷银行决议相关的任何损失。”
2023年3月10日，财政部长珍妮特·耶伦在华盛顿出席美国众议院筹款委员会听证会。
Evelyn Hockstein/路透社
美联储还宣布的它将向“符合条件的存款机构”提供额外资金，以帮助确保银行有能力满足所有储户的需求。
美国第16大银行硅谷银行(Silicon Valley Bank)周五破产，并被联邦存款保险公司(FDIC)接管，此前该银行周三遭遇挤兑，截至周四，客户提取了420亿美元存款。SVB主要服务于科技工作者和初创公司，包括一些硅谷的大公司，如Roku。
根据联合声明，这三人周日还宣布了总部位于纽约的Signature Bank的“类似系统风险例外”，“该银行今天被其州特许机构关闭”。“这家机构的所有储户都将得到补偿。与硅谷银行的决议一样，纳税人不会承担任何损失。”
“股东和某些无担保债券持有人将不会受到保护，”声明中写道。“高级管理层也被撤职了。按照法律要求，存款保险基金为支持未投保储户而遭受的任何损失，将通过对银行进行特别评估来弥补。”
美国总统乔·拜登(Joe Biden)周日就其政府保护两家银行储户的行动发表声明，表达了他对这些行动的认可，但强调他将让那些对“这场混乱”负责的人对他们的行动负责。
拜登说:“周末期间，在我的指示下，财政部长和我的国家经济委员会主任与银行监管机构勤奋工作，以解决硅谷银行和Signature Bank的问题。”“我很高兴他们达成了一个迅速的解决方案，保护美国工人和小企业，并保持我们的金融体系安全。该解决方案还能确保纳税人的钱不会面临风险。”
“美国人民和美国企业可以相信，当他们需要时，他们的银行存款会在那里，”总统补充说。“我坚定地致力于让那些对这场混乱负有责任的人承担全部责任，并继续努力加强对大型银行的监督和监管，以免我们再次陷入这种境地。”
一名财政部高级官员和美联储官员周日晚上在与记者的电话会议上坚称，支付硅谷银行存款的这些举措不是救助。
这些官员强调，用于支付硅谷银行和Signature Bank储户的资金将来自FDIC的存款保险基金(DIF)。据官员称，DIF的资金来自银行收费和投资收益，如美国国债，目前拥有超过1000亿美元。
“存款保险基金正在承担风险。这不是来自纳税人的资金，”一名财政部高级官员表示。
这位财政部高级官员还强调，纳税人并没有为这些举措买单，而是银行的股东在买单。“该银行的股权和债券持有人正在被抹去。作为证券所有者，他们承担了风险，他们将承担损失，”这位财政部高级官员表示。
官员们不断被记者追问，如果FDIC资金不足，硅谷银行和Signature Bank的这些举措是否会开创一个先例，覆盖未投保的基金，并使纳税人在未来变得脆弱。
“现在，我们非常专注于解决当前的问题，照顾当前的系统，稳定银行系统——或者没有保险的人，并向没有保险的储户保证他们会得到补偿。但我确实认为，我们将随着时间的推移进行回顾，重新评估是否应该做出任何改变，”这位财政部高级官员表示。
监管机构采取了不同寻常的举措，将硅谷银行和签字银行都认定为金融系统的“系统性风险”，这一认定自2008年以来就没有使用过。
“我很感激联邦监管机构已经采取措施做到这一点，我希望这些行动将增强人们对我们银行系统稳定性的信心，”纽约州州长凯西·霍切尔在一份声明中说。“这些银行的许多储户都是小企业，包括那些推动创新经济的小企业，他们的成功是纽约强劲经济的关键。”
弗吉尼亚州民主党参议员马克·华纳(Mark Warner)周日早些时候告诉《本周》(This Week)联合主播玛莎·拉达茨(Martha Raddatz)，“让我们看看今天会发生什么，”对SVB的潜在救助进行了突破。
“我知道我一直在与监管机构、政府和美联储进行对话;最好的结果将是他们能在今天晚些时候亚洲市场开盘前找到这家SVB银行的买家。这将是确保存款人--记住，银行的股东将会损失他们的钱，让我们清楚这一点--但是存款人可以得到照顾。最好的结果将是收购SVB，”他说。
“让我明确表示，在金融危机期间，有系统性大型银行的投资者和所有者得到了纾困，我们当然不会坐视不管。已经实施的改革意味着我们不会再犯同样的错误。但我们关心储户，并专注于努力满足他们的需求，”财政部长珍妮特·耶伦周日在哥伦比亚广播公司(CBS)的“面对国家”节目中表示。
Silicon Valley Bank collapse: Treasury, Fed and FDIC announce steps to ensure deposits will be paid in full
The Federal Reserve, Treasury Department and Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation announced Sunday that they will make additional funding available to ensure allSilicon Valley Bankdeposits, both insured and uninsured, will be paid in full.
"After receiving a recommendation from the boards of the FDIC and the Federal Reserve, and consulting with the President, Secretary [Janet] Yellen approved actions enabling the FDIC to complete its resolution of Silicon Valley Bank, Santa Clara, California, in a manner that fully protects all depositors," the said in a joint statement. "Depositors will have access to all of their money starting Monday, March 13. No losses associated with the resolution of Silicon Valley Bank will be borne by the taxpayer."
The Fed alsoannouncedit will make additional funding available to "to eligible depository institutions to help assure banks have the ability to meet the needs of all their depositors."
Silicon Valley Bank, the 16th largest bank in the country, failed on Friday and was taken over by the FDIC, after a run on the bank Wednesday and customers withdrew $42 billion of deposits by the end of Thursday. SVB mostly served technology workers and startups, including some of Silicon Valley's biggest names, such as Roku.
The trio also announced Sunday a "similar systemic risk exception" for New York-based Signature Bank, "which was closed today by its state chartering authority," according to the joint statement. "All depositors of this institution will be made whole. As with the resolution of Silicon Valley Bank, no losses will be borne by the taxpayer."
"Shareholders and certain unsecured debtholders will not be protected," the statement read. "Senior management has also been removed. Any losses to the Deposit Insurance Fund to support uninsured depositors will be recovered by a special assessment on banks, as required by law."
President Joe Biden issued a statement Sunday on his administration's action to protect depositors at both banks, expressing his approval for the actions but stressing he will hold those responsible for "this mess" accountable for their actions.
"Over the weekend, and at my direction, the Treasury Secretary and my National Economic Council Director worked diligently with the banking regulators to address problems at Silicon Valley Bank and Signature Bank," Biden said. "I am pleased that they reached a prompt solution that protects American workers and small businesses, and keeps our financial system safe. The solution also ensures that taxpayer dollars are not put at risk."
"The American people and American businesses can have confidence that their bank deposits will be there when they need them," the president added. "I am firmly committed to holding those responsible for this mess fully accountable and to continuing our efforts to strengthen oversight and regulation of larger banks so that we are not in this position again."
A senior Treasury official and Federal Reserve officials on calls with reporters Sunday night insisted these moves to pay the deposits of Silicon Valley Bank are not a bailout.
The officials stressed that the funds used to pay depositors of Silicon Valley Bank and Signature Bank will come from the FDIC's Deposit Insurance Fund (DIF). The DIF is funded by fees on banks, and then from earnings on their investments such as Treasury securities, and currently has more than $100 billion in it, according to officials.
"The Deposit Insurance Fund is bearing the risk. This is not funds from the taxpayer," a senior Treasury official said.
The senior Treasury official also stressed that taxpayers are not paying for these moves -- the banks' shareholders are. "The bank's equity and bondholders are being wiped out. They took a risk as owners of the securities, they will take the losses," the senior Treasury official said.
Officials were repeatedly pressed by reporters on if these moves on Silicon Valley Bank and Signature Bank would establish a precedent to cover uninsured funds and leave taxpayers vulnerable in the future if FDIC funds were not sufficient.
"Right now, we are very focused on addressing the current issue and taking care of the current system and stabilizing the banking systems -- or the uninsured, and assuring uninsured depositors that they will be made whole. But I do think we will be looking back with time and reassess and assess whether any changes should be made," the senior Treasury official said.
Regulators took the unusual step of designating both Silicon Valley Bank and Signature Bank as "systemic risks" to the financial system, a designation has not been used since 2008.
"I'm grateful that the Federal regulators have taken steps to do just that, and I hope that these actions will provide increased confidence in the stability of our banking system," New York Gov. Kathy Hochul said in a statement. "Many depositors at these banks are small businesses, including those driving the innovation economy, and their success is key to New York's robust economy."
Sen. Mark Warner, D-Va., told told "This Week" co-anchor Martha Raddatz earlier Sunday, "Let's see what happens today," pumping the breaks on a potential SVB bailout.
"I know I've been in conversations with the regulators, the administration, the Fed; the best outcome will be can they find a buyer for this SVB bank today before the markets open in Asia later in the day. That would be the best making sure that depositors -- remember that shareholders in the bank are going to lose their money, let's be clear about that -- but the depositors can be taken care of. And the best outcome will be an acquisition of SVB," he said.
"Let me be clear that during the financial crisis, there were investors and owners of systemic large banks that were bailed out, and we're certainly not looking. And the reforms that have been put in place mean that we're not going to do that again. But we are concerned about depositors and are focused on trying to meet their needs," Treasury Secretary Janet Yellen said on CBS' "Face the Nation" Sunday.
