一个抖音禁令蒙大拿州是第一个实施此类法律的州，标志着美国在不断发展中迈出了重要一步激烈反应反对中国拥有的社交媒体平台对数据隐私的担忧。

蒙大拿州州长格雷格·詹福特说他在周三签署了这项法案，以“保护蒙大拿州人的个人和私人数据免受中国共产党的侵犯”。"

抖音发言人布鲁克·奥伯韦特告诉美国广播公司新闻，抖音为蒙大拿州数十万用户和5000多家企业提供服务。

在一份声明中，Oberwetter谴责了这项禁令，并提醒蒙大拿州的用户，他们仍然可以使用该应用程序。

“詹福特州长签署了一项法案，非法禁止抖音，侵犯了蒙大拿州人民的第一修正案权利，”她说。“我们想让蒙大拿州人放心，他们可以继续使用抖音来表达自己，谋生，并找到社区，因为我们继续努力捍卫蒙大拿州内外用户的权利。”

根据专家的说法，以下是关于蒙大拿州抖音禁令的一些知识:

蒙大拿州怎么能禁止抖音?

蒙大拿州的禁令将于2024年1月生效，并不阻止当前用户访问该应用程序，也不会因此惩罚他们。

相反，禁令针对的是该应用的可用性，威胁抖音、谷歌和苹果等实体，如果蒙大拿州的用户可以在应用商店访问该平台，每天将被罚款1万美元。

康奈尔大学技术政策研究所主任莎拉·克雷普斯告诉美国广播公司新闻说:“这没有对现有用户做任何事情，”但他指出，这项法律最终会阻碍现有用户，因为他们无法下载应用程序的新更新。

“用户需要更新，以使抖音平稳高效地运行，”克雷普斯说。"随着时间的推移，它将对这些现有用户产生分流效应."

如果抖音的总部不再位于美国政府“指定为外国对手的任何国家”，该法律将失效。

蒙大拿州将如何执行抖音禁令?

专家表示，州官员将能够通过观察应用商店是否为蒙大拿州的用户显示抖音来执行法律，相关公司应该在很大程度上能够识别用户居住的地方，并相应地拒绝访问。

然而，蒙大拿州的用户可能能够逃避他们补充说，这些限制是通过使用技术伪造他们的位置并允许他们下载应用程序来实现的。

布朗大学计算机科学教授、前国家安全官员蒂莫西·埃德加(Timothy Edgar)对美国广播公司新闻(ABC News)表示:“有一种神话认为，因为互联网有技术变通办法，所以法律无关紧要。”。“不是这样的。”

2021年7月24日，蒙大拿州州长Greg Gianforte在纪念1962年B-47坠毁在移民峰8500英尺处的四名飞行员的仪式上发言。

威廉·坎贝尔/盖蒂图片公司

不过，专家表示，用户可能会通过使用虚拟专用网络(VPN)来规避禁令，虚拟专用网络允许用户伪装成从不同位置登录的用户，从而规避针对特定州的禁令。

Kreps补充说，执行的结果最终很难预测，因为一个州从未对一个广泛流行的应用程序执行过类似的禁令。

“蒙大拿州在这方面真的是先锋，”她说。

蒙大拿州的抖音禁令经得起法律挑战吗?

专家表示，蒙大拿州的抖音禁令可能会面临第一修正案的巨大挑战，最终可能会推翻部分或全部措施。

像美国公民自由联盟这样的言论自由倡导团体尖锐地批评了这项措施。“我们永远不会用我们的第一修正案权利来换取廉价的政治筹码，”蒙大拿州美国公民自由联盟的政策主任基冈·梅德拉诺说，说在周三的一份声明中。

埃德加说，当考虑限制言论时，法院通常会权衡国家安全或隐私问题的程度与对言论的限制。

“法院会说这显然对抖音用户和创作者的表达权有影响，那么政府有什么令人信服的理由呢?”埃德加说。

“这是一个巨大的挑战，”他补充道。

What to know about the Montana TikTok ban

A TikTokbanenacted by Montana -- the first state to impose such a law -- marked a major step in the growing U.S.backlashagainst the Chinese-owned social media platform over concerns about data privacy.

Montana Gov. Greg Gianfortesaidhe signed the measure on Wednesday to "protect Montanans' personal and private data from the Chinese Communist Party."

TikTok serves hundreds of thousands of users in Montana and more than 5,000 businesses, TikTok spokesperson Brooke Oberwetter told ABC News.

In a statement, Oberwetter denounced the ban and reminded users in Montana that they remain allowed to use the app.

"Governor Gianforte has signed a bill that infringes on the First Amendment rights of the people of Montana by unlawfully banning TikTok," she said. "We want to reassure Montanans that they can continue using TikTok to express themselves, earn a living, and find community as we continue working to defend the rights of our users inside and outside of Montana."

Here's what to know about the TikTok ban in Montana, according to experts:

How can Montana ban TikTok?

The Montana ban, which takes effect in January 2024, does not prevent current users from accessing the app or penalize them for doing so.

Instead, the ban targets the availability of the app by threatening entities such as TikTok, Google and Apple with a $10,000 fine for each day that the platform remains accessible in app stores for users in Montana.

"This is not doing anything with respect to existing users," Sarah Kreps, director of Cornell University's Tech Policy Institute, told ABC News, noting however that the law will hinder current users eventually as they fail to download new updates to the app.

"Users need updates to have TikTok run smoothly and efficiently," Kreps said. "Over time, it will have a siphoning off effect on these existing users."

The law will be nullified if TikTok is no longer headquartered in "any country designated as a foreign adversary" by the U.S. government.

How will Montana enforce the TikTok ban?

State officials will be able to enforce the law by observing whether app stores display TikTok for users in Montana, and the relevant companies should be largely capable of identifying where users reside and denying access accordingly, experts said.

However, users in Montana will likely be able toeludethe restrictions by using technology that falsifies their location and allows them to download the app, they added.

"There's this myth that because there are technical workarounds with the internet, the law doesn't matter," Timothy Edgar, a computer science professor at Brown University and a former national security official, told ABC News. "That's not true."

Still, users could likely circumvent the ban through the use of a Virtual Private Network, or VPN, which allows one to pose as a user logging on from a different location, thereby circumventing the state-specific ban, experts said.

The outcome of enforcement is ultimately difficult to predict, since a state has never carried out a comparable ban of a widely popular app, Kreps added.

"Montana is really pioneering here," she said.

Can the TikTok ban in Montana withstand a legal challenge?

The TikTok ban in Montana will likely face a formidable challenge on First Amendment grounds that could ultimately knock down part or all of the measure, experts said.

Free speech advocacy groups such as the ACLU have sharply criticized the measure. "We will never trade our First Amendment rights for cheap political points," Keegan Medrano, policy director at the ACLU of Montana,saidin a statement on Wednesday.

When considering a limit on speech, courts typically weigh the extent of a national security or privacy concern against the restriction placed on expression, Edgar said.

"The court will say this clearly has an impact on the expression rights of TikTok users and creators, so what's the government's compelling justification?" Edgar said.

"That's the big challenge," he added.