2022年6月25日，星期六，反堕胎示威者和堕胎权利活动家在华盛顿最高法院外抗议。最高法院推翻联邦堕胎权一年多后...显示更多undefined

美联社

南卡罗来纳州哥伦比亚在美国最高法院推翻联邦堕胎权一年多后，这个问题不时主导共和党人寻求2024年总统候选人提名的讨论，并且肯定会在周三在密尔沃基举行的第一次共和党竞选辩论中出现。

候选人之间的一些分歧出现在是否应该在全国范围内禁止这种做法——以及几周后——现在大法官已经将关于堕胎合法性的具体辩论返回到各州。

看看堕胎问题在共和党和民主党候选人中是如何展开的:

共和主义者

唐纳德·特朗普

这位前总统，目前共和党的领跑者，经常回避堕胎问题，即使全国各地的共和党人都在庆祝最高法院的决定。

今年4月，一个主要的反堕胎团体在这个问题上抨击特朗普，称他认为堕胎限制应该由各州而不是联邦政府决定，这是“一个自称反对堕胎的总统候选人在道德上站不住脚的立场。”

苏珊·b·安东尼反堕胎美国组织表示，它不会支持任何一个至少不支持15周联邦堕胎禁令的白宫候选人。

特朗普自称是“美国历史上最反堕胎的总统”，他指出自己成功提名了三名保守派大法官，这一举动使法院向保守派多数倾斜，推翻了罗伊诉韦德案。今年早些时候，他认为由另一位竞争者州长签署成为法律的措施“过于严厉”。罗恩·德桑蒂斯这将禁止怀孕六周后在佛罗里达州堕胎。

罗恩·德桑蒂斯

在德桑蒂斯担任州长期间，佛罗里达州通过了怀孕六周的堕胎禁令。但自称“反堕胎”的德桑蒂斯建议各州应该决定这个问题，并在最近的一次采访中补充说，他“正在做我知道我能完成的事情。”

苏珊·b·安东尼反堕胎美国组织的主席马乔里·丹嫩费尔泽批评德桑蒂斯不支持在全国范围内禁止这项手术，称德桑蒂斯在竞选总统时的立场是“不可接受的”。

迈克·彭斯

这位前副总统支持联邦政府禁止怀孕六周的堕胎，在这之前许多妇女甚至不知道她们怀孕了。

他还主张从市场上撤出两种广泛使用的流产药丸中的一种——一种比伟哥和青霉素更安全的药物。意识到这种立场可能被视为过于极端选举没有其他主要的总统候选人加入他的呼吁。

在最近的一次美联社采访中，彭斯走得更远，她说堕胎应该被禁止，即使怀孕被认为是不可行的。这样的标准将迫使妇女怀孕到足月，即使医生已经确定婴儿没有机会在子宫外存活。

本月早些时候，彭斯在参观爱荷华州博览会时表示，他预计将利用这场辩论作为一个机会，呼吁特朗普和德桑蒂斯不要坚持全国堕胎禁令。

蒂姆·斯科特

这位南卡罗来纳州参议员长期以来一直表示反对堕胎，并承诺如果当选总统，“我会签署你能拿到我办公桌上的最保守的反堕胎立法。”

他表示支持最早在12周内禁止这种做法的联邦禁令，并支持参议员奥巴马提出的一项法案。林赛·格雷厄姆该法案将在全国范围内禁止15周以后的堕胎。

2021年，斯科特还共同发起了一项立法，该立法将确立从“受精那一刻”开始的宪法生命权。

尼基·哈利

黑利是共和党领域唯一的女性，她在5月承诺，如果当选总统，她将签署联邦堕胎禁令。

但海利没有具体说明她认为堕胎应该在几周后被宣布为非法的时间框架，并指出，如果国会没有更多的共和党人，通过这样一项措施是非常不可能的，并倡导围绕这个问题达成“共识”。她说她将“绝对”签署一项为期15周的联邦禁令。

这位前南卡罗来纳州州长和美国驻联合国大使表示，在一个分裂严重的联邦政府中，“没有人诚实地”谈到禁令有多难实现。

Haley竞选发言人Ken Farnaso在6月份表示，她将“签署反堕胎立法，其中包括强奸、乱伦和母亲生命的例外情况”，这表明她可能会反对非可行怀孕的例外情况，但拒绝澄清。

作为州长，海利在大约20周后签署了堕胎禁令。该法律仍然有效，而由州立法者通过的为期六周的禁令在法院被搁置。

维韦克·拉马斯瓦米

这位富有的生物技术企业家和“沃克公司”的作者说，他不会支持联邦禁止堕胎，因为“联邦政府应该置身事外。”他对已经通过六周禁令的州表示支持。

像其他一些有希望的人一样，他推动了更多鼓励收养和更好的儿童保育的政策。

克里斯·克里斯蒂

这位前两任新泽西州州长认为，堕胎问题应该在各州进行，而不是在联邦一级进行。

在美国有线电视新闻网的一个市政厅里，克里斯蒂说，“联邦政府不应该介入，除非全国50个州达成共识，各自做出决定。”

在20世纪90年代寻求地方政府职位时，克里斯蒂称自己是“堕胎权利支持者”，他说在听到女儿13周时的心跳后，他改变了立场。

作为州长，他否决了计划生育和其他计划生育诊所的数百万国家资金。在最高法院推翻Roe案的判决之前，Christie和Dannenfelser一起参加了其他共和党州长的会议，讨论这个问题以及它可能如何在州一级发挥作用。

阿萨·哈钦森

这位前两任阿肯色州州长表示，堕胎问题应该留在美国，而不是共和党在国会占据绝对多数。

作为2021年的州长，哈钦森签署了一项几乎完全禁止堕胎的禁令，其中不包括强奸和乱伦例外。

道格·伯根

今年4月，这位连任两届的北达科他州州长签署了美国最严格的反堕胎法律之一。该措施将允许在强奸、乱伦或医疗紧急情况下进行长达六周的堕胎。在这个标记之后，除了一些医疗紧急情况，如宫外孕，在怀孕的任何阶段都不允许有例外。

Burgum主要说堕胎问题应该留给各州解决，并表示他不会支持联邦禁令。

拉里·埃尔德

这位保守派脱口秀主持人反对堕胎，但表示他不会支持联邦禁令。

佩里·约翰逊

这位商人称自己是“反堕胎人士”当约翰逊在2022年竞选密歇根州州长时，当被问及他是否会排除禁止性侵犯案件中的堕胎时，他告诉记者“两个错误不等于一个正确”。

弗朗西斯·苏亚雷斯

迈阿密市长表示，他将支持全国禁止怀孕15周后堕胎，但有一些例外，包括强奸、乱伦和母亲的健康。

威尔·HURD

这位前德克萨斯州国会议员表示，他将签署为期15周的联邦堕胎禁令，尽管他表示，他认为国会通过这样的措施不现实。

在众议院，赫德两次投票赞成20周的禁令。

民主主义者

乔·拜登

总统支持堕胎权，并表示他将否决全国禁止堕胎的法案。作为参议员，拜登支持堕胎限制，如1976年的海德修正案——该修正案规定，除非妇女有生命危险或怀孕是强奸或乱伦的结果，否则医疗补助不会为堕胎支付费用——但他表示，在2020年的竞选中，他改变了方针。

去年最高法院裁决的后果框定了拜登总统任期内关于堕胎的大部分内容。他签署了一项旨在加强和促进避孕的行政命令。

拜登还指示他的政府采取措施保护获得堕胎护理的机会，呼吁2022年中期选民让更多可能在全国范围内将堕胎合法化的民主党议员就座。这包括使米非司酮——药物流产中使用的两种药丸之一——更容易获得，并确保军人能够获得生殖健康护理。

小罗伯特·肯尼迪

这位作家兼环境律师曾表示支持“身体自主”，并将自己描述为“支持选择”。

作为约翰·肯尼迪总统的侄子和司法部长罗伯特·F·肯尼迪的儿子，他也说过“这是一个女人的选择，完全取决于女人”如何处理怀孕的前三个月。

玛丽安·威廉姆森

这位自助作家的竞选网站将她描述为“百分之百支持堕胎权”威廉姆森还指出，她认为堕胎与否的决定“完全取决于孕妇，根据她的良心，并与她理解的上帝交流。”

Where do the 2024 presidential candidates stand on abortion? 

COLUMBIA, S.C. --More than a year after the U.S. Supreme Court overturned the federal right to abortion, the issue has at times dominated the discussion among the Republicans seeking their party's 2024 presidential nomination and is sure to be on display during the first GOP campaign debate Wednesday in Milwaukee.

Some of the division among the candidates has come over whether there should be a national ban on the practice — and after how many weeks — now that the justices have returned specific debate over abortion legality to the states.

A look at how the issue of abortion is playing out among Republican and Democratic candidates:

REPUBLICANS

DONALD TRUMP

The former president, the current GOP front-runner, has often sidestepped the issue of abortion, even as Republicans across the country have celebrated the Supreme Court's decision.

In April, a major anti-abortion group assailed Trump on the issue, saying his contention that abortion restrictions should be left up to individual states, not the federal government, is a “morally indefensible position for a self-proclaimed pro-life presidential candidate.”

The Susan B. Anthony Pro-Life America group has said it would not support any White House candidate who did not at a minimum support a 15-week federal abortion ban.

Trump, who has referred to himself as “the most pro-life president in American history, has pointed to his successful nomination of three conservatives justices, a move that tilted the court to the conservative majority that overturned Roe v. Wade. Earlier this year, he characterized as “too harsh” a measure signed into law by fellow contender Gov.Ron DeSantisthat would ban abortions in Florida after six weeks of pregnancy.

RON DESANTIS

While DeSantis has been governor, Florida passed an abortion ban after six weeks of pregnancy. But DeSantis, who says he is “pro-life,” has suggested that individual states should decide the issue, adding in a recent interview that he is “running on doing things that I know I can accomplish.”

Marjorie Dannenfelser, president of Susan B. Anthony Pro-Life America, criticized DeSantis for not supporting a national ban on the procedure, calling DeSantis' position “unacceptable” as he runs for president.

MIKE PENCE

The former vice president supports a federal ban on abortion at six weeks, before many women even know they’re pregnant.

And he has advocated pulling from the market one of two widely used abortion pills — a medication with a better safety record than Viagra and penicillin. Sensing that such a position may be viewed as too extreme in a generalelection, no other major presidential candidate has joined his calls.

In a recent Associated Press interview, Pence went even further, saying abortion should be banned, even when a pregnancy is deemed nonviable. Such a standard would force women to carry pregnancies to term even when doctors have determined there is no chance a baby will survive outside the womb.

Earlier this month while touring the Iowa State Fair, Pence said he was expecting to use the debate as an opportunity to call out Trump and DeSantis for not insisting on a national abortion ban.

TIM SCOTT

The South Carolina senator has long voiced his opposition to abortion, pledging that as president “I would sign the most conservative pro-life legislation you can bring to my desk.”

He has signaled support for a federal ban on the practice for as early as 12 weeks and also support for a bill sponsored by Sen.Lindsey Graham, R-S.C., that would ban abortions nationally after 15 weeks.

In 2021, Scott also co-sponsored legislation that would have established a constitutional right to life from “the moment of fertilization.”

NIKKI HALEY

Haley, the sole woman in the GOP field, pledged in May that she would sign a federal abortion ban if elected president.

But Haley has not specified a time frame for after how many weeks she feels abortion should be outlawed, noting that passing such a measure would be highly unlikely without more Republicans in Congress, and advocating for “consensus” around the issue. She’s said she would “absolutely” sign a 15-week federal ban.

The former South Carolina governor and U.S. ambassador to the United Nations said “no one has been honest” about how difficult a ban could be to achieve, in a closely divided federal government.

Haley campaign spokesman Ken Farnaso said in June that she would "sign pro-life legislation that includes exceptions for rape, incest, and for the life of the mother,” suggesting she may be opposed to an exception for non-viable pregnancies — but declining to clarify.

As governor, Haley signed an abortion ban after about 20 weeks. That law is still in effect while a six-week ban, passed by state lawmakers, is held up in the courts.

VIVEK RAMASWAMY

The wealthy biotech entrepreneur and author of “Woke, Inc.” has said he would not support a federal ban on abortion because ”the federal government should stay out of it.” He has voiced support for states that have passed six-week bans.

Like some other hopefuls, he has pushed for more policies that encourage adoption and better child care.

CHRIS CHRISTIE

The former two-term New Jersey governor has argued that the issue of abortion should be carried out in the states, not at the federal level.

In a CNN town hall, Christie said that “the federal government should not be involved unless and until there’s a consensus around the country from the 50 states making their own decisions about what it should be.”

Seeking local office in the 1990s, Christie identified himself as “pro-choice,” saying he changed his position after hearing his daughter’s heartbeat at 13 weeks.

As governor, he vetoed millions in state funding for Planned Parenthood and other family planning clinics. Before the Supreme Court's decision that overturned Roe, Christie joined Dannenfelser in meetings other GOP governors to discuss the issue and how it might play out at the state level.

ASA HUTCHINSON

The former two-term Arkansas governor has said the issue of abortion should stay in the states without a Republican supermajority in Congress.

As governor in 2021, Hutchinson signed a near-total ban on abortions that did not include rape and incest exceptions.

DOUG BURGUM

In April, the two-term North Dakota governor signed one of the strictest anti-abortion laws in the country. The measure would allow abortions up to six weeks' gestation in cases of rape or incest, or medical emergencies. After that marker, no exceptions aside from some medical emergencies, such as ectopic pregnancies, are allowed at any stage of pregnancy.

Burgum has mostly said the issue of abortion should be left to the states and has indicated he would not support a federal ban.

LARRY ELDER

The conservative talk radio host opposes abortion but has said he would not support a federal ban.

PERRY JOHNSON

The businessman describes himself as “pro-life.” When he ran for Michigan governor in 2022, Johnson told reporters “two wrongs don't make a right” when asked if he would rule out banning abortion in cases of sexual assault.

FRANCIS SUAREZ

The Miami mayor has said that he would support a national ban on abortions after 15 weeks of pregnancy, with some exceptions, including rape, incest and the mother's health.

WILL HURD

The former Texas congressman has said he would sign a 15-week federal abortion ban, although he has said that he doesn't see it as realistic that Congress would pass such a measure.

While in the House, Hurd twice voted in favor of a 20-week ban.

DEMOCRATS

JOE BIDEN

The president supports abortion access and has said he would veto a national ban on the practice. As a senator, Biden supported abortion restrictions like the 1976 Hyde Amendment — which states that Medicaid won’t pay for abortions unless the woman’s life is in danger or the pregnancy is the result of rape or incest — but said during the 2020 campaign he had shifted course.

The aftermath of last year's Supreme Court ruling has framed much of Biden's presidency on abortion. He signed an executive order designed to strengthen and promote access to contraception.

Mounting a rallying cry to 2022 midterms voters to seat more Democratic lawmakers who could possibly codify abortion access nationally, Biden has also directed his administration to take steps to protect access to abortion care. This includes making mifepristone — one of two pills used in medication abortions — easier to obtain, and ensuring members of the military can access reproductive health care.

ROBERT F. KENNEDY JR.

The author and environmental lawyer has spoken in favor of “bodily autonomy” and describes himself as “pro-choice.”

A nephew of President John F. Kennedy and son of Attorney General Robert F. Kennedy, he has also said “it’s a woman’s choice, and it’s solely up to the woman” in terms of how a pregnancy should be handled in its first trimester.

MARIANNE WILLIAMSON

The self-help author's campaign website describes her as “one hundred percent pro-choice.” Williamson has also noted that she believes the decision to have an abortion or not “lies solely with a pregnant woman, according to the dictates of her conscience and in communion with the God of her understanding.”