新德里-印度总理纳伦德拉·莫迪(Narendra Modi)称赞印度有能力弥合20国集团(G20)之间的差距，解决全球问题，但在周末峰会召开前，许多人对此表示怀疑，因为该集团内部在俄罗斯对乌克兰的战争问题上存在严重分歧。
他能够消除这些疑虑，在20国集团峰会周日结束的前一天宣布了一项一致的最终协议，其中包括关于欧洲战争的措辞，俄罗斯和中国签署于。
英国首相Rishi Sunak表示，该组织同意“非常强烈”的信息。德国总理奥拉夫·舒尔茨(Olaf Scholz)称这是“印度外交的成功”，并补充说“许多人事先没有想到这是可能的。”印度外交部长Subrahmanyam Jaishankar说，这份声明“是对当前形势的回应”
这份声明的措辞比去年的G20公报更加温和，没有直接谴责莫斯科。相反，它引用了联合国宪章，称“所有国家必须避免威胁或使用武力来寻求侵犯任何国家的领土完整、主权或政治独立的领土获取。”
但是所有国家都同意这份声明，让印度可以宣称外交上的成功。
“这是第一份没有脚注或主席总结的宣言，”印度G20首席谈判代表阿米塔布·康德(Amitabh Kant)表示。
一些专家将该协议视为俄罗斯的胜利，而其他人则将其视为西方的成就。但大多数人一致认为，这是莫迪在外交政策上的胜利，因为他在推动增加印度在世界舞台上的影响力。
兰德公司(RAND Corporation)专注于印度-太平洋地区的分析师德里克·格罗斯曼(Derek Grossman)说，“印度的声明体现了新兴的全球南方的声音”。“这对新德里来说是一个妙招，尤其是在与北京进行战略竞争的背景下，有助于它成为这个集团的领导者。”
在峰会上，莫迪还宣布，该集团已同意增加非洲联盟为常任理事国，并在对全球南部发展中国家重要的其他关键问题上取得了进展。
威尔逊中心(Wilson Center)南亚研究所(South Asia Institute)主任迈克尔·库格曼(Michael Kugelman)说，“我们看到，20国集团(G20)终于成为一个真正的全球性实体，正在走出七国集团的阴影。”。
“这是西方和非西方大国以及全球南方共同努力追求共同目标的成功案例，”他说。
此次峰会召开之际，俄罗斯和中国一直试图更多地强调观点更为一致的金砖国家集团(由巴西、俄罗斯、印度、中国和南非组成)，该集团在上个月的峰会上同意扩大六个新成员。俄罗斯总统弗拉基米尔·普京和中国领导人习近平没有参加今年的G20峰会。
代替普京出席峰会的俄罗斯外交部长谢尔盖·拉夫罗夫(Sergey Lavrov)告诉记者，“G20正在经历一场危机”，并将印度的“绝对成功”比作“内部改革”。
拉夫罗夫说:“这表现在20国集团(G20)中来自全球南方的成员在印度的领导下积极行动，印度非常明确和坚持不懈地寻求考虑他们的利益。”。
大西洋理事会(Atlantic Council)全球中国中心的高级研究员迈克尔·舒曼(Michael Schuman)表示，中国一直在寻求将全球南方团结在一个以中国为中心的集团周围，Xi缺席会议意味着莫迪和其他人能够“推广他们自己的想法和目标”。
他说，凭借外交手段，莫迪成为“可能是峰会的大赢家”，并在国际事务中发挥越来越重要的作用。
舒曼说:“印度总理纳伦德拉·莫迪表明，他也是发展中世界的一股力量，他对发达国家和发展中国家之间的关系有着不同的看法，这种看法没有那么对抗性。”
一名要求匿名的欧盟高级官员表示，不要在没有最终公报的情况下结束此次峰会，这一点很重要。
他在新德里对记者表示:“我认为，印度强有力的领导保住了G20，并为巴西在下一任主席国期间致力于全球问题打开了空间。”。
在峰会开始前，莫迪认为发展中国家应该有更多的发言权，并指出他们受到许多危机的影响，包括气候变化，粮食短缺和能源价格上涨。
许多人认为，印度已经为巴西和南非奠定了基础，两国都是全球南方有影响力的成员，在未来两年担任G20主席国期间，将继续沿着同样的道路前进。
“随着世界面临如此多的无国界挑战和多边主义的短缺，这种真正的全球合作是当前的需要，”库格曼说。
India forges compromise among divided world powers at the G20 summit in a diplomatic win for Modi
NEW DELHI --India’s Prime Minister Narendra Modi touted his country as well-placed to bridge gaps in the Group of 20 top economies and solve global problems, but many were skeptical ahead of the weekend's summit given grave divisions within the bloc over the Russia’s war in Ukraine.
He was able to dispel those doubts, announcing a unanimous final agreement a day before the G20 summit ended Sunday that included language on the European war which both Russia andChinasigned off on.
British Prime Minister Rishi Sunak said the group agreed to a “very strong” message. German Chancellor Olaf Scholz called it a “success of Indian diplomacy,” adding “many did not think that would be possible beforehand.” And India’s foreign minister, Subrahmanyam Jaishankar, said the declaration “responds to the situation as it stands today.”
The statement had softer wording than last year’s G20 communique and failed to directly denounce Moscow. Instead, it cited a United Nations charter, saying “all states must refrain from the threat or use of force to seek territorial acquisition against the territorial integrity and sovereignty or political independence of any state.”
But all countries agreed on the declaration, allowing India to claim diplomatic success.
“This is the first declaration without a single footnote or a chair’s summary,” said Amitabh Kant, India’s top G20 negotiator.
Some experts saw the agreement as a win for Russia, while others read it as an achievement for the West. But most concurred it was a foreign policy triumph for Modi as he pushes to increase India’s influence on the world stage.
“India’s statement embodies the voice of the emerging Global South” said Derek Grossman, an analyst focused on the Indo-Pacific at the RAND Corporation. “That is a coup for New Delhi, especially within the context of strategic competition against Beijing, helping it to become the leader of this bloc.”
At the summit Modi also announced the group had agreed to add the African Union as a permanent member and made progress on other key issues important to the developing nations of the Global South.
“We are seeing the G20 finally come into its own as a truly global entity, and emerging from the shadow of the G7,” said Michael Kugelman, director of the Wilson Center’s South Asia Institute, referring to the Group of Seven major industrial nations.
“It’s emerging as a successful case study of Western and non-Western powers and the Global South working together to pursue shared goals,” he said.
The summit came at a time when Russia and China have been trying to put more emphasis on the more like-minded BRICS group — made up of Brazil, Russia, India, China and South Africa — which agreed at its summit last month to expand with six new members. Russian President Vladimir Putin and China's leader Xi Jinping skipped the G20 summit this year.
Russian Foreign Minister Sergey Lavrov, who took Putin's place at the summit, told reporters the “G20 is going through a crisis” and likened India's “absolute success” to an ”internal reform."
“This was manifested in the significant activation of members of the Group of 20 from the Global South with the leading role of India, who, very clearly and persistently, sought to take into account their interests,” Lavrov said.
Beijing has been seeking to rally the Global South around a China-centric bloc, and Xi's absence from the meetings meant that Modi and others were able to “promote their own ideas and goals,” said Michael Schuman, a senior fellow at the Atlantic Council’s Global China Hub.
With his diplomatic approach, Modi emerged as “probably the summit’s big winner,” and someone who is becoming an increasingly important player in international affairs, he said.
“Indian Prime Minister Narendra Modi showed that he is a force in the developing world as well and has a different vision of the relationship between the developed and developing worlds that is not as confrontational,” Schuman said.
A senior European Union official who spoke on condition of anonymity in order to speak candidly about the talks said it was important not to have ended the summit for the first time without a final communique.
“I think India’s strong leadership has preserved the G20 and opened the space for Brazil in the next presidency to work on global issues,” he told reporters in New Delhi.
Heading into the summit, Modi had argued that the developing countries should have more say, noting that they are disproportionately impacted by many crises including climate change, food shortages and rising energy prices.
Many see that India has laid the groundwork for Brazil and South Africa – both influential members of the Global South – to continue along the same path as they take the G20 presidency for next two years.
“With the world facing so many borderless challenges and shortages of multilateralism, that type of truly global cooperation is the need of the hour,” Kugelman said.
