唐纳德·特朗普没有资格在2024年竞选总统由于1月6日美国国会大厦的暴乱，科罗拉多州最高法院于周二做出裁决。
根据第14修正案做出的历史性决定，禁止特朗普参加总统初选，这在美国最高法院引发了一场关于明年大选命运的战斗。
在一项4比3的裁决中，科罗拉多州七名法官中的大多数人写道，这位前总统“参与了叛乱”。这项裁决很快将被上诉，很可能会引发特朗普支持者的激烈批评，以及那些在1月6日左右谴责他行为的人的热烈掌声
“特朗普总统在几个月的时间里，直接而明确地敦促他的支持者游行到国会大厦，以防止他错误地描述为对这个国家人民的所谓欺诈，这是无可争议的公开和自愿的，”法官们写道。
“此外，”他们写道，“证据充分表明，特朗普总统采取所有这些行动，是为了帮助和推进他自己构想并启动的一个共同的非法目的:阻止国会认证2020年总统选举，并阻止权力的和平转移。”
有鉴于此，裁决称，“我们得出结论，由于特朗普总统根据第三节被取消担任总统职务的资格，根据《选举法》，部长将特朗普总统列为总统初选候选人是一种错误行为。”
法官将他们的裁决推迟到1月4日，等待上诉。
三名法官持不同意见:首席大法官布赖恩·d·博特赖特、大法官卡洛斯·a·小萨穆尔和玛丽亚·e·伯肯科特。
Boatright在他的异议中写道，针对特朗普的“缺乏与叛乱相关的定罪”应该要求撤销此案。
萨穆尔写道，多数人的意见“公然违背了正当程序原则。”
这一裁决是在科罗拉多州对特朗普根据第14修正案第3条的投票资格进行了长达一个月的挑战之后做出的。第14修正案是一项内战时期的宪法条款，该条款认为，如果前公职人员宣誓支持宪法，然后参与针对美国的“叛乱或反叛”，他们就没有资格再次竞选。
9月，华盛顿特区的监督组织公民责任与道德协会(civils for respons ibility and Ethics，CREW)代表科罗拉多州的六名共和党和无党派选民提起诉讼，声称特朗普因其行为违反了该条款围绕2021年1月6日国会大厦袭击事件.
他一直否认有任何不当行为，并因涉嫌煽动1月6日被弹劾后，于2021年被参议院共和党人无罪释放。
科罗拉多州最高法院周二以多数票推翻了下级法院的裁决，即根据宪法，总统不是美国的“官员”，因此第14修正案第3节不适用。
该裁决还驳回了特朗普在11个问题上的上诉，并认定他在1月6日的行为，包括当天早上在白宫外的演讲，不受第一修正案的保护。
特朗普目前在2024年共和党初选中处于领先地位，他抨击科罗拉多州第14修正案挑战——以及全国各地针对他的类似诉讼——是毫无根据和反民主的。
周二晚上，特朗普的一名发言人很快发誓要上诉，竞选团队已经开始为该决定筹集资金。
“科罗拉多州最高法院今晚发布了一个完全错误的决定....我们完全有信心，美国最高法院将很快做出有利于我们的裁决，并最终结束这些非美国式的诉讼，”发言人张致恒在一份声明中说。
CREW称赞这一裁决是“保护我们国家民主未来的必要措施”
六名请愿者之一、前共和党州议员诺玛·安德森(Norma Anderson)在CREW发表的一份声明中表示，“我和我的原告同事提起此案，以继续保护我们宪法中规定的自由公平选举的权利，并确保科罗拉多州共和党初选选民只投票给合格的候选人。今天的胜利正是如此。”
特朗普迄今为止在各个州面临着多项第14修正案的挑战，此前反对他资格的争论今年在倡导者和一些法律界，包括一些保守派学者中形成了势头。
但是在他的候选资格面临的众多挑战中，还没有法院取消他的资格-直到星期二。
援引第十四修正案的诉讼被九个法院驳回:在密歇根州，被科罗拉多州的地区法院驳回——导致那里的上诉战——被明尼苏达州最高法院、华盛顿的一个地区法院以及亚利桑那州、罗德岛州、新罕布什尔州和佛罗里达州的联邦法院驳回。
12月6日，科罗拉多州最高法院听取上诉中的口头辩论下级法院法官驳回了CREW对Trump投票资格的质疑。
在丹佛举行的两个小时的听证会上，由七名法官组成的法庭提出了尖锐的核心问题，包括叛乱的定义;国会大厦暴乱是否是一次暴动;以及“叛乱禁令”是否适用于美国总统。
“我想我是在表达对地方法院所采用的暴动定义的关注。首席大法官博特赖特在听证会上说:“我觉得这有点或可能有点宽泛，所以让我请你解决这个问题。”。科罗拉多州的下级法院法官萨拉·b·华莱士(Sarah B. Wallace)曾在11月裁定，虽然根据第14修正案，特朗普有资格参加2024年的竞选，但她发现，他确实参与了1月6日的叛乱，因为他煽动了叛乱。
船员的法律团队和特朗普的律师都向科罗拉多州最高法院提起上诉:船员是因为对特朗普投票资格的最终决定，而特朗普的团队则认为华莱士认为他参与了叛乱。
领导针对特朗普的另一轮取消资格挑战的律师此前告诉美国广播公司新闻，明尼苏达州、科罗拉多州或密歇根州的最高法院“很有可能”在年底前就此问题做出裁决，由美国最高法院进行紧急审查。
“这个问题需要在打印任何选票之前得到理想的决定，我希望并期待它将得到对我们有利的决定，”人民言论自由组织的主席和高级法律顾问本·克莱门茨说，11月表示.
美国广播公司新闻/华盛顿邮报9月份的一项民意调查发现，对于特朗普是否应该被允许在2024年竞选，人们的看法不一。
44%的美国人表示，根据第14修正案，特朗普应该被禁止担任总统职务;50%的人说他不应该被禁止;6%的人没有意见。
Trump ineligible to run for president in Colorado because of Jan. 6, court rules in historic move
Donald Trump is ineligibleto run for president in 2024because of the Jan. 6 riot at the U.S. Capitol, the Colorado Supreme Court ruled on Tuesday.
The historic decision based on the 14th Amendment, barring Trump from the presidential primary ballot, sets up a battle before the nation's highest court about the fate of next year's election.
In a 4-3 ruling that will soon be appealed -- and that is likely to inspire fierce criticism from Trump's supporters and vocal applause from those who have condemned his behavior around Jan. 6 -- a majority of Colorado's seven justices wrote that the former president "engaged in insurrection."
"President Trump’s direct and express efforts, over several months, exhorting his supporters to march to the Capitol to prevent what he falsely characterized as an alleged fraud on the people of this country were indisputably overt and voluntary," the justices wrote.
"Moreover," they wrote, "the evidence amply showed that President Trump undertook all these actions to aid and further a common unlawful purpose that he himself conceived and set in motion: prevent Congress from certifying the 2020 presidential election and stop the peaceful transfer of power."
In light of this, the ruling states, "[W]e conclude that because President Trump is disqualified from holding the office of President under Section Three, it would be a wrongful act under the Election Code for the Secretary to list President Trump as a candidate on the presidential primary ballot."
The justices stayed their ruling until Jan. 4, pending appeal.
Three of the judges dissented: Chief Justice Brian D. Boatright and Justices Carlos A. Samour Jr. and Maria E. Berkenkotter.
Boatright, in his dissent, wrote that the "absence of an insurrection-related conviction" against Trump should have called for the case to be dismissed.
Samour wrote that the majority's opinion "flies in the face of the due process doctrine."
The ruling follows a monthslong challenge in Colorado to Trump's ballot eligibility under Section 3 of the 14th Amendment, a Civil War-era constitutional clause that deems former office-holders ineligible from running again if they took an oath to support the Constitution and then engaged in "insurrection or rebellion" against the U.S.
In September, a Washington, D.C.-based watchdog group, Citizens for Responsibility and Ethics (CREW), filed a lawsuit on behalf of six Republican and unaffiliated voters in Colorado that claimed Trump had breached that clause due to his actionssurrounding the Jan. 6, 2021, Capitol attack.
He has long denied any wrongdoing and was acquitted by Senate Republicans in 2021 after being impeached for allegedly inciting Jan. 6.
The Colorado Supreme Court's majority on Tuesday reversed a lower court's decision that the president was not an “officer” of the U.S. under the Constitution and therefore that Section 3 of the 14th Amendment did not apply.
The ruling also denied Trump’s appeal on 11 issues and found that his actions on Jan. 6, including a speech outside the White House that morning, were not protected by the First Amendment.
Trump, currently the front-runner in the 2024 GOP primary, has attacked the Colorado 14th Amendment challenge -- and similar such lawsuits against him around the country -- as baseless and anti-democratic.
A Trump spokesman on Tuesday night soon vowed an appeal and the campaign has already begun fundraising off of the decision.
"The Colorado Supreme Court issued a completely flawed decision tonight .... We have full confidence that the U.S. Supreme Court will quickly rule in our favor and finally put an end to these unAmerican lawsuits," spokesman Steven Cheung said in a statement, in part.
CREW lauded the ruling as "necessary to protect the future of democracy in our country."
Norma Anderson, one of the six petitioners and a former Republican state lawmaker, said in a statement issued by CREW that "my fellow plaintiffs and I brought this case to continue to protect the right to free and fair elections enshrined in our Constitution and to ensure Colorado Republican primary voters are only voting for eligible candidates. Today’s win does just that."
Trump has so far faced multiple 14th Amendment challenges in various states after the argument against his eligibility built momentum this year among advocates and in some legal circles, including with some conservative scholars.
But of the dozens of challenges to his candidacy,no court had yet disqualified him-- until Tuesday.
Lawsuits citing the 14th Amendment were dismissed by nine courts: in Michigan, by the district court in Colorado -- leading to the appeals battle there -- and by the Minnesota Supreme Court, a district court in Washington and by federal courts in Arizona, Rhode Island, New Hampshire and Florida.
On Dec. 6, the Colorado Supreme Courtheard oral arguments in an appealof the lower court judge's ruling rejecting CREW's challenge to Trump's ballot eligibility.
During a two-hour hearing in Denver, the seven-justice court posed sharp questions central to the case, including about the definition of insurrection; whether the Capitol riot was an insurrection; and whether the "insurrectionist ban" applies to a U.S. president.
"I guess I'm expressing a concern about the definition of insurrection that the district court adopted. It strikes me as somewhat or potentially broad -- so let me ask you to address that," Chief Justice Boatright said during the hearing.
The lower court judge in Colorado, Sarah B. Wallace, had ruled in November that while Trump was eligible to run in the 2024 race under the 14th Amendment, she found that he did engage in the Jan. 6 insurrection because he incited it.
Both CREW's legal team and Trump's lawyers appealed to the Colorado Supreme Court: CREW because of the final decision on Trump's ballot eligibility, and Trump's team over Wallace's opinion that he engaged in insurrection.
The attorney leading another set of disqualification challenges against Trump previously told ABC News that there was a "very good chance" a top court in Minnesota, Colorado or Michigan would rule on the issue before the end of the year -- teeing up urgent review by the U.S. Supreme Court.
"This question needs to be decided ideally before any ballots are printed, and I hope and expect it will be decided in our favor," Ben Clements, chairman and senior legal adviser of Free Speech for People,said in November.
An ABC News/Washington Post poll in September found mixed views on whether Trump should be allowed to run in 2024.
Forty-four percent of Americans said Trump should be barred from the presidency under the 14th Amendment; 50% said he should not be barred; and 6% had no opinion.
