多达14个州的倡导者希望在2024年大选投票中获得与生育权和堕胎权相关的措施在总统选举年，由于堕胎仍然是美国的一个主要热点，包括在最高法院.
堕胎已经不是第一次出现在选票上了。支持堕胎的投票措施2023年在俄亥俄州通过堪萨斯州和肯塔基州的倡议称州宪法不保护堕胎分别在2022年被选民击败。观察人士推测，生育权问题正在激励各个政治派别的选民。
以下是11月份选举中生育权可能出现的情况。
选票上确认的提案在哪里?
在两个国家，马里兰州和纽约一项与生殖权利有关的措施被确认将在11月的投票中进行。堕胎在这两个州已经被广泛允许，在纽约直到胎儿能够存活，根据古特马赫研究所的研究.
在马里兰州，选民将决定这一行为将使马里兰州宪法中的堕胎权。
在纽约，选民将在选票上看到平等权利宪法修正案，这将禁止歧视根据该法案的文本，包括“生殖保健和自主权”在内的各种特征。
更多:堕胎如何重塑一些种族成为强大的州法官
倡议在哪里收集签名?
在…里亚利桑那州倡议者正在为亚利桑那州堕胎法投票倡议收集签名，该倡议将修改该州宪法，禁止该州在胎儿存活前立法禁止堕胎，并将其他堕胎保护纳入法律。目前，根据古特马赫研究所的研究在亚利桑那州，堕胎在15周之后被禁止，并且受到各种限制。
亚利桑那州还将举办一场备受瞩目的参议员竞选在11月的投票中，可能在共和党候选人Kari Lake和民主党候选人众议员Ruben Gallego之间进行。
在…里阿肯色州各团体正在收集签名，以便将阿肯色州堕胎修正案付诸投票。该倡议将修改州宪法，禁止政府禁止超过18周的堕胎，并包括强奸、乱伦和母亲健康的例外情况。目前，阿肯色州完全禁止堕胎，几乎没有例外。
在…里科罗拉多州在美国，堕胎不受限制，但州医疗补助对堕胎的覆盖范围通常被禁止，决斗倡议目前正在收集签名。
堕胎权倡议将在州宪法中“确保堕胎权”，根据该倡议的文本，同时平等保护科罗拉多州每一个活着的孩子的倡议会补充说州法令语言全面禁止堕胎，从受孕开始就保护儿童。
在…里佛罗里达州限制政府干预堕胎的修正案是一项投票提案，将修改该州宪法，禁止政府“在可行之前或在保护患者健康必要时”就堕胎立法根据该倡议.
今年1月，请愿书超过了所需的签名数量，但目前由于佛罗里达州总检察长阿什利·穆迪(Ashley Moody)的挑战而被搁置，佛罗里达州最高法院应在4月1日之前就此做出裁决。
在…里密苏里河，生殖自由权投票倡议将体现与生殖保健有关的生殖自由权，根据请愿书的内容。该州目前完全禁止堕胎，几乎没有例外。
在…里蒙大拿蒙塔南人争取生育权组织称，一项提议的投票倡议将在该州宪法中确认“对自己的怀孕做出和执行决定的权利，包括堕胎权”，并将禁止政府“否认或加重胎儿发育前堕胎的权利”。
蒙大拿人在2022年投票失败一项限制堕胎的措施。2024年11月，该州还将举行一场备受瞩目的参议院选举，可能在民主党现任参议员乔恩·特斯和共和党候选人蒂姆·希伊之间进行。
在…里内布拉斯加州“保护我们的权利联盟”发起的“保护堕胎权”倡议将修改州宪法，允许在胎儿能够存活之前堕胎。内布拉斯加州目前禁止怀孕12周后堕胎。
内布拉斯加州还推出了限制堕胎途径或程序的单独举措，包括一项保护妇女和儿童的举措，该举措将禁止妊娠头三个月之后的大多数堕胎。该倡议于3月初启动，据奥马哈ABC电视台报道。该倡议是内布拉斯加州州务卿办公室尚未列出.
在…里内华达州内华达州生殖自由政治行动委员会目前正在收集签名，以进行初步投票，将“生殖自由的基本权利”纳入州宪法。根据提议的条款，根据请愿书的内容，该州将被允许对胎儿存活后的堕胎进行立法，除非卫生保健提供者认为堕胎是必要的。目前，内华达州禁止怀孕24周后堕胎。
如果该倡议在2024年进行投票并通过，它仍需要在2026年通过另一次投票来修改该州的宪法。
在…里南达科他州一项拟议的宪法修正案将保障堕胎权，以保护孕妇的生命和健康，禁止在第一个三个月结束前实施堕胎禁令，并允许国家在第二个三个月结束前对堕胎进行监管,根据提议的修正案。根据拟议的修正案，将允许在第三个三个月开始时实施禁令。
哪些倡议正在经历州立法行动?
在…里缅因州和宾夕法尼亚州目前，各州立法机构正在审议载入生殖权利的拟议宪法修正案。
在…里艾奥瓦州同样在宾夕法尼亚州，表示这些州没有堕胎的宪法权利的修正案也正在各自的立法机构中进行。
各州的倡议需要经过州立法机构的各种投票，然后才有可能出现在大选投票中。
What states could vote on abortion access, reproductive rights in November?
Advocates in as many as 14 states hope to get measures related to reproductive rights and abortion access on the 2024 general election ballotduring a presidential election year, and as abortion access remains a major flash point in the United States,including at the Supreme Court.
It's not the first time abortion has been on the ballot. A ballot measure that supported abortion accesspassed in Ohio in 2023, while initiatives in Kansas and Kentucky saying the state constitutions don't protect abortionwere defeated, respectively, by voters in 2022. Observers have speculated that the issue of reproductive rights is galvanizing voters across the political spectrum.
Here's a look at where reproductive rights might be on the ballot in November.
Where are initiatives confirmed on the ballot?
In two states,MarylandandNew York, a measure that relates to reproductive rights is confirmed to be on the November ballot. Abortion is already broadly allowed in both states, and in New York until fetal viability,according to research by the Guttmacher Institute.
In Maryland, voters will decide onan act that would enshrinethe right to get an abortion in the Maryland Constitution.
In New York, voters will see the Equal Rights Amendment constitutional amendment on the ballot,which would prohibit discriminationon the basis of various characteristics, including "reproductive health care and autonomy," according to the bill's text.
Where are initiatives gathering signatures?
InArizona, advocates are gathering signatures for the Arizona Abortion Access Act ballot initiative, which would amend the state's constitution to prohibit the state from legislating against abortion up until fetal viability, and it would enshrine other abortion protections into law. Currently,according to the Guttmacher Institute, abortion is banned after 15 weeks in Arizona and under a variety of restrictions.
Arizona will also feature ahigh-profile Senate raceon the ballot in November, likely between Republican candidate Kari Lake and Democratic candidate Rep. Ruben Gallego.
InArkansas, groups are collecting signatures to get the Arkansas Abortion Amendment on the ballot. The initiative would amend the state constitution to prohibit the government from banning abortion further than 18 weeks and includes exceptions for rape, incest and the mother's health. Abortion is currently fully banned in Arkansas, with few exceptions.
InColorado, where abortion is not restricted but where state Medicaid coverage for abortion is usually prohibited, dueling initiatives are currently gathering signatures.
The Right to Abortion initiative would "ensure the right to abortion" in the state constitution,according to the text of the initiative, while the Equal Protection of Every Living Child in Colorado initiativewould addto state statutes language banning abortion fully in the state, framed around protecting children beginning at conception.
InFlorida, the Amendment to Limit Government Interference with Abortion is a ballot initiative that would amend the state's constitution to prohibit the government from legislating about abortion "before viability or when necessary to protect the patient's health,"according to the initiative.
In January, the petition surpassed the required number of signatures but is currently held up due to a challenge from Florida Attorney General Ashley Moody, which the Florida Supreme Court is supposed to rule on by April 1.
InMissouri, the Right to Reproductive Freedom ballot initiative would enshrine the right to reproductive freedom relating to reproductive health care,according to the petition text. Abortion is currently fully banned in the state with few exceptions.
InMontana, which allows abortion until fetal viability, a proposed ballot initiative would affirm in the state's constitution "the right to make and carry out decisions about one's own pregnancy, including the right to abortion" and would prohibit the government from "denying or burdening the right to abortion before fetal viability," according to the group Montanans Securing Reproductive Rights.
Montanans voted down in 2022a measure that would have restricted abortion access. In November 2024, the state will also have a high-profile Senate race on the ballot, likely between Democratic incumbent Sen. Jon Tester and Republican candidate Tim Sheehy.
InNebraska, the Protect the Right to Abortion initiative by the Protect Our Rights coalition would amend the state constitution to allow abortion up until fetal viability. Abortion is currently banned after 12 weeks in Nebraska.
Separate initiatives that would restrict abortion access or procedures have also been introduced in Nebraska, including a Protect Women and Children initiative that would ban most abortions after the first trimester. The initiative was launched in early March,according to Omaha ABC affiliate KETV. That initiative isnot yet listed by the Nebraska Secretary of State's Office.
InNevada, the Nevadans for Reproductive Freedom Political Action Committee is currently collecting signatures to put an initial vote to add a section enshrining the "fundamental right to reproductive freedom" into the state's constitution.Under the proposed section, according to the petition's text,the state would be allowed to legislate about abortion after fetal viability unless a health care provider says abortion is necessary. Abortion is currently banned after 24 weeks in Nevada.
If the initiative makes the ballot and passes in 2024, it would still need to pass another vote in 2026 to amend the state's constitution.
InSouth Dakota, which almost fully bans abortion, a proposed constitutional amendment would guarantee abortion access to preserve the life and health of pregnant women, would prohibit an abortion ban before the end of the first trimester, and would allow the state to regulate abortion through the end of the second trimester,according to the proposed amendment. A ban would be allowed at the beginning of the third trimester under the proposed amendment.
Demonstrators participate in a abortion-rights rally outside the Supreme Court, March 26, 2024, in Washington.
Anna Moneymaker/Getty Images
Where are initiatives undergoing state legislative action?
InMaineandPennsylvania, proposed constitutional amendments to enshrine reproductive rights are currently in progress in the respective state legislatures.
InIowaand also in Pennsylvania, amendments that would say there is no constitutional right to abortion in those states are in progress in those respective legislatures, as well.
The initiatives in those respective states need to go through various votes by the state legislatures before they can potentially be on the general election ballot.
