新兴技术在人工智能根据美国国土安全部周一发布的一份报告，这将使坏人更容易“构思和实施”化学、生物、辐射或核袭击。
报告节选在乔·拜登总统三个月前签署了一项关于人工智能的行政命令后，这些信息被公之于众。
根据DHS的报告，美国现有生物和化学安全监管的缺乏，加上人工智能使用的增加，再加上人工智能工具的使用增加，“可能会增加有意和无意的危险研究成果对公共卫生、经济安全或国家安全构成风险的可能性”。
“负责任地使用人工智能为推进科学、解决紧迫和未来的挑战以及改善我们的国家安全带来了巨大的希望，但人工智能也要求我们做好准备，迅速缓解人工智能在发展化学和生物威胁中的滥用，”负责打击大规模杀伤性武器的助理国务卿玛丽·埃伦·卡拉汉说。
她说:“这份报告强调了人工智能技术的新兴性质、它们与化学和生物研究的相互作用以及相关风险，并围绕如何确保安全、可靠和值得信赖的人工智能开发和使用提供了更长期的目标。
DHS还表示，人工智能开发人员的多样化方法使得美国和国际合作伙伴进行沟通并利用“人工智能的潜力”至关重要
美国国家安全委员会前高级反恐协调员贾韦德·阿里(Javed Ali)对美国广播公司新闻频道(ABC News)表示:“然而，对发展这些非常规武器能力感兴趣的国家或团体将在多大程度上利用这种人工智能工具仍不清楚，因为要开发可以使用的全功能武器系统，还需要克服各种技术和后勤障碍。”“尽管如此，人工智能工具更有可能在研究和理论设计方面比实际制造和部署此类武器更有帮助，特别是在核武器方面。”
上周由网络安全和基础设施安全局(CISA)发布的另一份DHS报告强调，一些攻击可以在人工智能的帮助下进行，包括针对关键基础设施的攻击。
DHS负责情报和分析的前代理副部长约翰·科恩(John Cohen)表示:“很明显，外国情报机构、恐怖组织和犯罪组织已经接受了技术的力量，并将先进计算能力的使用纳入了他们用来实现非法目标的策略中。”“恐怖分子、犯罪分子和其他威胁行为者可以使用人工智能获取有关如何开发爆炸物和其他大规模杀伤性武器的指令。他们还可以更好地了解潜在目标，以及用于实现最大可能破坏性结果的交付方法。”
去年，欧洲议会获得批准的划时代立法该计划旨在规范人工智能的使用，促进“可信”的使用。
上周，DHS宣布成立一个新的人工智能委员会，其中包括来自软件和硬件公司、关键基础设施运营商、公职人员、民权团体和学术界等多个行业的22名代表。
董事会的一些著名成员包括:OpenAI的创始人萨姆·奥特曼;埃德·巴斯蒂安，达美航空公司的首席执行官;微软董事长兼首席执行官塞特亚·纳德拉;Alphabet的首席执行官桑德尔·皮帅;马里兰州州长韦斯·摩尔。
据该机构称，该委员会将帮助DHS领先于敌对民族国家行为体构成的不断变化的威胁，并通过帮助阻止和防止这些威胁来加强国家安全。
科恩现在是美国广播公司新闻撰稿人。他说，该委员会迈出了良好的一步，但还有更多的工作要做。
“在许多方面，我们正在使用旨在应对昨日威胁的调查和威胁缓解策略，而那些从事非法和威胁相关活动的人正在使用今天和明天的技术来实现他们的目标，”他说。
Emerging AI technologies make it easier for bad actors to 'conceptualize and conduct' chemical, biological, radiological or nuclear attacks: DHS
Emerging technologies inartificial intelligencewill make it easier for bad actors to "conceptualize and conduct" chemical, biological, radiological or nuclear attacks, according to a report released by the Department of Homeland Security on Monday.
Selected excerpts of the reportto President Joe Biden were made public after he signed an executive order three months ago on artificial intelligence.
The lack of regulations in existing U.S. biological and chemical security, combined with the increase in using AI, when combined with the increased use of AI tools "could increase the likelihood of both intentional and unintentional dangerous research outcomes that pose a risk to public health, economic security, or national security," according to the DHS report.
"The responsible use of AI holds great promise for advancing science, solving urgent and future challenges and improving our national security, but AI also requires that we be prepared to rapidly mitigate the misuse of AI in the development of chemical and biological threats," said Assistant Secretary for Countering Weapons of Mass Destruction Mary Ellen Callahan.
"This report highlights the emerging nature of AI technologies, their interplay with chemical and biological research and the associated risks, and provides longer-term objectives around how to ensure safe, secure and trustworthy development and use of AI," she said.
DHS also said that the diverse approaches of AI developers make it crucial that the U.S. and international partners communicate and harness "AI's potential for good."
"The degree to which nation states or groups interested in pursuing these unconventional weapons capabilities will harness such AI tools remains unclear, however, since there are various technical and logistical hurdles that have to be met to develop fully functioning weapons systems that can be used," Javed Ali, the former senior counterterrorism coordinator on the National Security Council, told ABC News. "That said, it is more likely that AI tools will be more helpful on the research and theoretical design end of the spectrum than the actual manufacture and deployment of such weapons, especially with respect to nuclear weapons."
A separate DHS report produced by the Cybersecurity and Infrastructure Security Agency (CISA) last week highlighted that some attacks could be carried out of helped by using AI -- including those targeting critical infrastructure.
"It is clear that foreign intelligence services, terrorist groups and criminal organizations have embraced the power of technology and incorporated the use of advanced computing capability into the tactics they use to achieve their illegal objectives," John Cohen, the former Acting Undersecretary for Intelligence and Analysis at DHS said. "Terrorists, criminals and other threat actors can use AI to acquire the instructions on how to develop explosives and other weapons of mass destruction. They can also glean greater insights on potential targets, and on delivery methods to use to achieve the greatest possible disruptive result."
Last year, the European Parliamentapproved landmark legislationthat aimed to regulate the use of AI and promote "trustworthy" uses.
Last week, the DHS announced the creation of a new AI board that includes 22 representatives from a range of sectors, including software and hardware companies, critical infrastructure operators, public officials, the civil rights community and academia.
Some notable members of the board include: Sam Altman, the founder of OpenAI; Ed Bastian, the CEO of Delta Airlines; Satya Nadella, the chairman and CEO of Microsoft; Sundar Pichai, the CEO of Alphabet; and Maryland Gov. Wes Moore.
The board, according to the agency, will help DHS stay ahead of evolving threats posed by hostile nation-state actors and reinforce national security by helping to deter and prevent those threats.
Cohen, now an ABC News contributor, said the board is a good step, but there is more to be done.
"In many respects, we are using investigative and threat mitigation strategies that were intended to address the threats of yesterday, while those engaged in illegal and threat related activity are using the technologies of today and tomorrow to achieve their objectives," he said.
