迈阿密-如同唐纳德·特朗普缩小了他的选择范围潜在的竞选伙伴他名单上的两位政治家来自佛罗里达州，如果共和党候选人获胜，他的副总统候选人将不得不搬家。
美国宪法禁止总统和副总统居住在同一个州。如果特朗普在2019年宣布他的棕榈滩庄园是他的家，选择美国参议员马尔科·卢比奥或美国众议员拜伦·唐纳兹第十二修正案如果共和党赢得该州，可能会阻止30名佛罗里达州选举人投票。
法律专家表示，特朗普竞选团队有几种方法来克服这一点，尽管这样做可能会给副总统候选人带来一些不便。
“让来自两个不同州的候选人竞选更容易，”德克萨斯大学法学院的宪法学者桑福德·莱文森说。"如果你想回避任何问题，似乎确实很容易。"
第十二修正案规定，选举团成员应该投票选举总统和副总统。它指出，其中一名候选人"不应是与他们同一个州的居民"。
莱文森说，该修正案于1804年被加入宪法，当时像弗吉尼亚这样的大州主导了国家的政治话语，作为限制他们权力的一种方式。
如果特朗普赢得佛罗里达州，该州的30名选举人可能会投票给他当总统，但不会投票给他人当副总统。
佛罗里达州拥有第三多的选举人票，仅次于加利福尼亚州的54票和德克萨斯州的40票。在势均力敌的选举中，该州的票数可能会少于总差额。
佛罗里达州的选举人可以放弃投票，如果特朗普不需要这30张选举人票来达到胜利所需的270张，这可能无关紧要。选民仍然可以继续投票给一个全佛罗里达州的票，有可能面临法律挑战。
2000年7月，在当时的德克萨斯州州长乔治·w·布什选择竞选伙伴的四天前，迪克·切尼改变了他的德克萨斯州居民身份，在怀俄明州登记投票，他在那里长大，有一个家，并代表国会12年。
这一举动被视为表明布什已经下定决心让切尼加入竞选。
布什、切尼、得克萨斯州国务卿和得克萨斯州选举人面临法律挑战。最终，法院站在切尼一边，认为他有资格成为副总统，因为他已经证明他是怀俄明州居民。
可能会，但不是马上。
选举团将于12月17日开会。如果特朗普赢得11月5日的选举，他的竞选伙伴可能会在之后做出改变，因为他无论如何都会离开他的国会办公室。
“如果我是卢比奥的顾问，我会告诉他在选举之前不要改变居住地，”诺瓦东南大学的宪法教授鲍勃·贾维斯说。
美国有线电视新闻网(CNN)在民主党总统拜登(Joe Biden)和特朗普(Trump)周四的辩论后问卢比奥，他是否愿意搬家。
“如果我谈论那件事，那就太冒昧了，”他说。“这份工作还没有提供给我。我不是副总统的选择。现在没有人。当我们到达桥时，我们会过桥的。”
共和党全国委员会主席迈克尔·沃特利(Michael Whatley)周三在亚特兰大的一场辩论前活动中被问及两名佛罗里达州居民的可能性时，拒绝猜测。
“如果我们必须穿过那座桥，我们会穿过它，”沃特利说。
唐纳兹出生在纽约。
特朗普是纽约人，于2019年在佛罗里达州定居。众所周知，他在几个州都拥有房产，包括纽约与他同名的特朗普大厦。当被问及第12修正案时，特朗普高级顾问布莱恩·休斯说，“选择副总统的最高标准是一位强有力的领导人，他将在下一个四年任期结束后的八年内成为一位伟大的总统。”_______
美联社作家比尔·巴罗在亚特兰大和吉尔·科尔文在纽约促成了这一报告。
Would Rubio or Donalds have to move if Trump picks either of them for VP?
MIAMI --AsDonald Trumpnarrows his options for apotential running mate, two politicians known to be on his list are from Florida, leaving open a scenario where his vice presidential nominee would have to move if the Republican ticket wins.
The U.S. Constitution prohibits a president and vice president from residing in the same state. If Trump, who declared his Palm Beach estate his home in 2019, were to pick U.S. Sen. Marco Rubio or U.S. Rep. Byron Donalds, the12th Amendmentcould prevent the 30 Florida electors from casting their vote if Republicans win the state.
There are several ways for the Trump campaign to overcome this, legal experts say, though doing so might create some inconvenience for the vice presidential candidate.
“It’s just easier to run candidates from two different states,” said Sanford Levinson, a constitutional scholar at the University of Texas School of Law. “It does seem to be easy to evade any problems if you want to.”
The 12th Amendment says that members of the Electoral College shall vote for a president and vice president. It notes that one of the candidates “shall not be an inhabitant of the same state with themselves.”
The amendment was added to the Constitution in 1804 when large states such as Virginia dominated the nation’s political discourse, Levinson said, as a way of limiting their power.
If Trump wins Florida, the state's 30 electors could vote for him for president, but not for another Floridian for vice president.
Florida has the third most electoral votes behind California with 54 and Texas with 40. In a close election, the state's votes could be less than the total margin.
Florida's electors could abstain from voting, which might not matter if Trump does not need those 30 electoral votes to reach the 270 required for victory. The electors could still go ahead and vote for an all-Floridian ticket, with the possibility of facing legal challenges.
In July 2000, four days before then-Texas Gov. George W. Bush selected his running mate, Dick Cheney changed his Texas residency by registering to vote in Wyoming, where he grew up, had a home and represented Congress for 12 years.
The move was seen as an indication that Bush had made up his mind about Cheney joining the ticket.
There were legal challenges filed against Bush, Cheney, the Texas secretary of state and the Texas electors. Ultimately, courts sided with Cheney in that he was qualified to be vice president because he had proved he was a Wyoming resident.
Likely yes, but not right away.
The Electoral College will meet on Dec. 17. If Trump wins the Nov. 5 election, his running mate could make the switch afterward because he would be leaving his congressional office anyway.
“If I were advising Rubio, I would tell him not to change his residency until after the election,” said Bob Jarvis, a constitutional law professor at Nova Southeastern University.
Rubio was asked by CNN after Thursday's debate between Democratic President Joe Biden and Trump if he would be willing to move.
“That would be presumptuous of me to talk about that,” he said. "The job has not been offered to me. I am not the vice presidential choice. No one is right now. And we’ll cross bridges when we get to them.”
The Republicans National Committee chairman, Michael Whatley, declined to speculate on the possibility of two Florida residents on the ticket, when asked at a pre-debate event headlined by Donalds in Atlanta on Wednesday.
“If we have to cross that bridge, we’ll cross it,” Whatley said.
Donalds was born in New York.
A native New Yorker, Trump established residency in Florida in 2019. He is known to own properties in several states, including his namesake Trump Tower in New York. When asked about the 12th Amendment, Trump senior adviser Brian Hughes said, “The top criteria in selecting a vice president is a strong leader who will make a great president for eight years after his next four-year term concludes.” _______
Associated Press writer Bill Barrow in Atlanta and Jill Colvin in New York contributed to this report.
