新的联邦饮食指南特朗普政府周三宣布的措施包括对酒类消费的重大改变。
每五年更新一次的新指南提供了以下语言酒精节制而不是像过去那样有具体的饮酒限制。
美国人的新饮食指南指导美国人“限制酒精饮料”，改变了以前的指导意见，建议美国21岁及以上的成年人限制男性每天饮酒量为两杯或更少，女性每天饮酒量为一杯或更少。
新的指南也没有对男性和女性的酒精指导进行区分，尽管科学研究表明，两性代谢酒精的方式不同。
特朗普政府官员周三宣布了新的指导方针，包括卫生与公众服务部部长小罗伯特·F·肯尼迪和美国农业部部长布鲁克·罗林斯，并得到了食品药品监督管理局的马蒂·马卡利博士和医疗保险中心负责人穆罕默德·奥兹博士的支持。新的指导方针还敦促美国人吃全食品，纳入健康脂肪，优先考虑富含蛋白质的膳食，并食用无添加糖的全脂乳制品&医疗补助服务。
在周三的新闻发布会上，奥兹声称之前的酒精饮料限制并不是基于任何特定的原因推荐每天饮酒量的科学证据——尽管研究表明饮酒会增加健康风险。
世界卫生组织说没有多少酒精是安全的前任卫生局局长维维克·默西，呼吁酒精制造商更新他们的标签，以明确酒精消费的癌症风险。
当在白宫新闻发布会上被要求解释新酒精指南背后的科学时，奥兹说，酒精是一种“社会润滑剂”，有助于让人们团结起来。
“所以酒精是一种社交润滑剂，能让人们聚在一起。在最好的情况下，我不认为你应该喝酒，但它确实让人们有一个建立关系和社交的借口，”奥兹说。
“可能没有什么比安全地与朋友共度美好时光更健康的了。如果你看看蓝色区域，例如，世界上人们寿命最长的地方，酒精有时是他们饮食的一部分。同样，少量服用是非常明智的，通常是为了庆祝。所以这些饮食指南上有酒精，但言外之意是早餐不要喝酒，对吗?他补充说:“这应该是一件小规模的事情，希望有某种可能含有酒精的活动。”。
关于酒精的新建议招致了包括美国酒精政策联盟，一个致力于减少酒精相关疾病、死亡和伤害的非营利组织，根据其网站。
该组织的首席执行官迈克·马歇尔在一份声明中说:“鉴于酒精在美国生活中根深蒂固，公众应该获得关于饮酒风险的明确、诚实的信息，以便他们能够为自己、家人和社区做出最佳决定。”
马歇尔说，更新的指南没有解决饮酒和癌症风险之间的联系，也没有解决酒精和暴力以及其他与未成年饮酒相关的长期风险之间的联系。
随着时间的推移，饮酒会增加患胃癌和胰腺癌等某些癌症的风险，过量饮酒会导致心脏病、肝病和酒精使用障碍这疾病控制和预防中心.
疾病预防控制中心将过量饮酒定义为男性每周饮酒15杯或以上，女性每周饮酒8杯或以上。标准饮料是12盎司普通啤酒、8盎司麦芽酒、5盎司一杯葡萄酒和1.5盎司烈性酒，根据疾病控制中心的说法.
A世界卫生组织2024年的一份报告广泛关注了全球15岁及以上人群的物质使用情况，显示2019年有300多万人死于物质使用，4亿人患有物质使用障碍，这可能会对健康产生一些负面影响。
这美国心脏协会说酒精并不能保护心脏健康，在以前的研究中看到的任何可能的好处都可能反映了生活方式的差异，而不是酒精本身。美国心脏协会将饮酒与高血压、甘油三酯升高、心房颤动等心律不齐以及中风和心力衰竭的风险增加联系起来，尤其是在摄入量增加的情况下。
New US dietary guidelines include changes to alcohol guidance
Newfederal dietary guidelinesannounced by the Trump administration on Wednesday include a dramatic change on alcohol consumption.
The new guidelines, which are updated every five years, provide language onalcohol moderationrather than specific drink limits, as have been included in the past.
The new Dietary Guidelines for Americansinstruct Americansto "limit alcoholic beverages," a change from previous guidance that suggested U.S. adults ages 21 and over limit consumption to two drinks or fewer per day for men and one drink or less per day for women.
The new guidelines also do not make a distinction between alcohol guidance for men and women, though scientific research has shown the sexes metabolize alcohol differently.
The new guidelines -- which also urge Americans to eat whole foods, incorporate healthy fats, prioritize protein-rich meals and consume full-fat dairy with no added sugars -- were announced Wednesday by Trump administration officials including Health and Human Services Secretary Robert F. Kennedy Jr. and U.S. Department of Agriculture Secretary Brooke Rollins with support from Dr. Marty Makary, who runs the Food and Drug Administration, and Dr. Mehmet Oz, the head of Centers for Medicare&Medicaid Services.
In a press briefing on Wednesday, Oz claimed that previous drink restrictions on alcohol were not based on any specificscientific evidence of the amount of alcoholic drinks per day to recommend -- despite studies that show an increase in health risks from consumption of alcohol.
The World Health Organizationsays there is no amount of alcohol that is safeand the previous surgeon general, Vivek Murthy,called on alcohol manufacturersto update their labels to be clear about the cancer risks of alcohol consumption.
When asked at the White House press briefing to explain the science behind the new alcohol guidance, Oz said that alcohol was a "social lubricant" that helps bring people together.
"So alcohol is a social lubricant that brings people together. In the best case scenario, I don't think you should drink alcohol, but it does allow people an excuse to bond and socialize," Oz said.
"And there's probably nothing healthier than having a good time with friends in a safe way. If you look at the blue zones, for example, around the world, where people live the longest, alcohol is sometimes part of their diet. Again, small amounts taken very judiciously and usually in a celebratory fashion. So there is alcohol on these dietary guidelines, but the implication is don't have it for breakfast, right? This should be something done in a small amount, with hopefully some kind of an event that may have alcohol at it," he added.
The new recommendations on alcohol have drawn criticism from groups including theU.S. Alcohol Policy Alliance, a nonprofit that works to reduce alcohol-related disease, death and injury, according to its website.
"Given how deeply alcohol is embedded in American life, the public deserves clear, honest information about the risks of drinking so they can make the best decisions for themselves, their families, and their communities," Mike Marshall, the organization's CEO, said in a statement.
Marshall said the updated guidelines do not address the connection between alcohol consumption and cancer risk or the connection between alcohol and violence and other long-term risks associated with underage consumption of alcohol.
Over time, drinking alcohol increases the risk of certain cancers such as stomach and pancreatic cancer, and excessive alcohol use can lead to heart disease, liver disease and alcohol use disorder, according totheCenters for Disease Control and Prevention.
Excessive drinking is defined by the CDC as 15 or more drinks in a week for a man or 8 or more drinks in a week for women. A standard drink is 12 ounces of a regular beer, 8 ounces of a malt liquor, 5 ounces of a glass of wine, and 1.5 ounces of a spirit,according to the CDC.
AWorld Health Organizationreport in 2024, which looked broadly at global substance use for people 15 years and older, showed more than 3 million people died from substance use in 2019, and 400 million people lived with substance use disorders, which can have a number of negative health impacts.
TheAmerican Heart Associationsays alcohol does not protect heart health and that any possible benefit seen in older studies likely reflected lifestyle differences rather than alcohol itself. The AHA links alcohol use to higher blood pressure, higher triglycerides, irregular heart rhythms like atrial fibrillation, and a greater risk of stroke and heart failure, especially as intake increases.
