皮尤研究中心的一项新调查发现，自2015年上一次总统竞选开始以来，美国成年人对科技公司的信心急剧下降。美国人对公民社会中其他机构(如银行、工会、新闻媒体和大公司)的价值的党派信仰仍然深深分裂。

只有50%的成年人认为科技公司拥有对社会的积极影响与四年前的71%相比。对科技公司有负面印象的美国人的比例也从2015年的17%上升到了今天的33%。

2016年总统竞选期间，围绕大技术的斗争达到了爆发点，当时的候选人唐纳德·特朗普(Donald Trump)对自己在社交媒体平台上受到的待遇提出了不满。俄罗斯在脸书、推特等网站上干预选举的消息也暴露了公众的不信任。

这些因素，加上两党对社交媒体公司及其对国内滥用其平台的反应越来越不安，玷污了这个曾经赢得公众广泛支持的行业的声誉。

尽管民主党和共和党在2015年对科技公司的看法有些一致，但支持率的下降已经变得越来越偏向党派，双方的观点在四年时间里又相差了8个百分点。尽管总体上对科技公司的看法越来越负面，但仍有微弱多数的民主党人认为该行业对社会有积极影响。

皮尤调查还衡量了人们对其他公民机构的态度，发现选民之间存在着严重的党派分歧。尽管自2010年以来，两党对工会的支持稳步上升，但目前58%的民主党人对工会持积极态度，而共和党人只有35%。

总的来说，美国人现在比近代史上更不信任新闻媒体和大公司。64%的美国成年人认为国家新闻媒体对社会有负面影响，53%的人对大公司有同样的看法。尽管在过去九年里，对这些机构的支持从未达到绝对多数，但这些类别中的分歧反映了与其他调查结果相同的、明显的党派偏见。

民主党对新闻媒体的观点与2010年的观点相对一致，2010年有39人对此有正面印象，尽管2016年大选后支持率的飙升确实扰乱了总体趋势。共和党人对国家新闻媒体的态度已经下降到10%，比2010年下降了14个百分点。

对大公司的看法是个别政党内部趋势线出现分歧的少数几个类别之一。自2008年金融危机开始复苏以来，共和党人对大公司越来越信任，除了2016年大选前的一次性下降。
　

AMERICANS SOUR ON BIG TECH, REMAIN DEEPLY DIVIDED ON KEY CIVIC INSTITUTIONS

Faith in tech companies among U.S. adults has fallen dramatically since the onset of the last presidential campaign in 2015, a new Pew Research Center survey has found. Americans remain deeply riven by partisan beliefs about the value of other institutions in civil society, such as banks, labor unions, the news media and large corporations.

Only 50 percent of adults think tech companies have a positive impact on society, compared with 71 percent just four years ago. The share of Americans who have a negative impression of tech companies has likewise risen, from 17 percent in 2015 to 33 percent today.

The fight over big tech reached a flashpoint during the 2016 presidential campaign, when then-candidate Donald Trump raised grievances about his treatment by social media platforms. The revelation of Russian election interference on websites such as Facebook, Twitter and others also promulgated distrust among the general public.

These factors, coupled with a growing unease within both parties about social media companies and their response to domestic misuse of their platforms, have tarnished the reputation of an industry that once earned wide support among the general public.

While Democrats and Republicans held somewhat uniform views about tech firms in 2015, the decline in support has become increasingly partisan, with both sides growing apart in their perspective by an additional eight points over four years. Despite the increasingly negative perception of tech firms overall, a slim majority of Democrats still thinks the industry has a positive effect on society.

The Pew survey also measured attitudes about other civic institutions and found an electorate deeply divided along partisan lines. While support for labor unions within both major parties has risen steadily since 2010, 58 percent of Democrats currently have a positive view of unions versus just 35 percent of Republicans.

Overall, Americans are more distrustful of the news media and large corporations at this point than they have been in recent history. Sixty-four percent of U.S. adults think the national news media has a negative impact on society, and 53 percent feel the same way about large corporations. While support for these institutions never reached an outright majority in the last nine years, the split within these categories reflects the same, stark partisanship as the other survey results.

Democratic views about the news media remain relatively consistent with those from 2010, when 39 had a positive impression, although a spike in support just after the 2016 election did disrupt the overall trend. Republican attitudes about the national news media have fallen to 10 percent, 14 points lower than in 2010.

Views towards large corporations are one of the few categories where trendlines within individual parties have diverged. Since the beginning of the recovery from the 2008 financial crisis, Republicans have grown more trustful of large corporations, excepting a one-off decline ahead of the 2016 election.