广泛的经济不满，对国家未来的尖锐分歧和主要政党候选人的两极化观点标志着美国广播公司新闻初步投票后民意调查结果的全国选民态度2024年选举.
在投票后的民意调查中，五分之一的选民认为民主状况是最重要的问题。
初步结果可能会改变，因为出口民调在整个选举之夜都在更新。
国家和民主
选民普遍对国家的发展方向持负面看法多于正面看法:只有26%的人对事情的发展充满热情或满意，而72%的人不满意或愤怒。
认为美国民主受到威胁的选民(73%)多于认为安全的选民(25%)。尽管如此，在这些初步的出口民调结果中，约有60%的人认为美国的好日子还在前面，而约有三分之一的人认为美国的好日子已经过去了。
在七个摇摆州，68%到73%的选民认为这个国家的民主受到了威胁。
极端主义和候选人受欢迎程度
55%的人认为特朗普的观点“过于极端”，他的个人支持率为44%-55%。更少的人认为哈里斯的观点过于极端(46%)，尽管她也在个人支持率方面处于水下，尽管只是轻微的，48%-50%。
在初步结果中，特朗普在七个摇摆州比他在全国范围内更不容易被视为“过于极端”，但仍比哈里斯更容易被视为“过于极端”。
好感度不是决定性的:只有40%的人在2016年支持特朗普，当时他赢得了选举人团(尽管不是普选)。一个原因是，几乎同样少的人(43%)对他的对手希拉里·克林顿有好感。(2020年，特朗普的支持率为46%;乔·拜登的支持率为52%。)
36%的选民初步表示，如果特朗普当选，他们会“害怕”，而29%的人会因哈里斯获胜而害怕，这突显了与竞选相关的情绪。
就个人品质而言，初步结果显示，在投票后调查的四项测试中，投票者认为有领导能力的人名列前茅。
经济和拜登
经济仍然是一个主要的刺激因素。67%-32%的选民认为情况不好。45%的人说他们自己的财务状况比四年前更糟，相比之下，30%的人持相同观点，只有24%的人做得更好。“更糟糕”的数字超过了2008年的水平，当时为42%，远远超过了2020年(20%)和2016年(28%)的份额。
总统乔·拜登承受了压力，只有41%的工作支持率(58%不赞成)。对哈里斯来说，说服选民相信她正在走拜登的新方向是一个挑战。(在出口民调中，拜登的支持率是现任总统中最低的，自乔治·w·布什2008年离任时的27%以来。特朗普在2020年获得了50%的工作批准，但拜登还是击败了他。)
拜登在七个摇摆州的支持率都很低。
密歇根的经济观点没有其他战场那么悲观。在乔治亚州，经济是最重要的投票议题，在密歇根州最不重要。
首要问题
出口民调显示，在五分之一接受测试的选民看来，民主状况是最重要的问题。35%的选民将其列为首要问题，其次是31%的人说经济，14%的人说堕胎，11%的人说移民，4%的人说外交政策。
流产对女性来说尤为重要，初步结果为19%,而男性为8%,在30岁以下的女性中上升到42%。(初步统计，女性占所有选民的53%;男性，47%。)
在初步的出口民调中，特朗普在移民和经济问题上比哈里斯更受信任，而哈里斯在堕胎问题上领先特朗普。
总的来说，66%的人认为堕胎在所有或大多数情况下都应该是合法的，这是哈里斯竞选活动的中心焦点。(2020年，合法堕胎的支持率在出口民调中创下新低，为51%;此前的峰值是1992年的63%。)
合法堕胎在所有七个摇摆州赢得了60%到69%的多数支持。
在特朗普关注的焦点移民问题上，39%的人表示大多数无证移民应该被驱逐出境，高于2016年的26%和2012年的28%。57%的人认为非法移民应该有机会申请合法身份。
摇摆州
格鲁吉亚
拜登总统四年前以11，779票的胜利使他成为1992年以来首位赢得该州的民主党总统候选人。选举后，特朗普向格鲁吉亚国务卿施压的录音电话“找到”特朗普需要的选票，使全国关注格鲁吉亚的选举诚信。
在初步的出口民调结果中，81%的佐治亚州选民表示，他们非常或有点相信该州的选举是公平和准确的，这一比例高于全国的68%。这些观点是两党共有的，从94%的民主党人到78%的无党派人士和72%的共和党人。
不管怎样，68%的佐治亚州选民认为美国的民主受到了一定或非常大的威胁。
此外，在这些初步结果中，42%的特朗普选民表示，如果他失去了佐治亚州的官方计票结果，他应该质疑而不是接受这些结果。21%的卡玛拉·哈里斯支持者认为她应该挑战失败的结果。
40%的佐治亚州选民认为经济是他们投票中最重要的问题，在五个测试问题中名列前茅，超过了全国31%的人。这部分是因为52%的人说他们的财务状况比四年前更差，大大高于2020年的16%，并超过了1992年以来可用的出口民调中33%的历史最高水平。大约四分之三(73%)的人认为国家经济状况不太好或不好，超过了全国范围内持这种观点的67%。
在这些初步结果中，佐治亚州30%的选民是黑人，与2020年的比例(29%)持平，是所有摇摆州中最高的。佐治亚州选民总体上在信任哈里斯和特朗普处理种族问题方面平分秋色，50%-48%;在这个问题上，32%的白人选民选择哈里斯，这一比例上升至89%。
在飓风海伦的余波中，选民在联邦飓风援助是否会送到需要的人手中的问题上出现了分歧:47%的人认为会，而50%的人认为不会。
北卡罗来纳州
自1968年以来，除了两次总统选举(2008年和1976年)，北卡罗来纳州都投票给共和党，包括2020年特朗普的1.3个百分点(那一年他以最微弱的优势获胜)。拜登在受过大学教育的白人选民、温和派和男性中的结果超过了希拉里·克林顿，使这场竞争比2016年更加激烈，但特朗普得到了保守派、福音派白人基督徒和没有大学学位的白人选民的大力支持。
该州47%的人说他们现在比拜登当选总统时更糟糕，这是自1992年以来北卡罗来纳州出口民调中最高的。四年前，不到一半的人，即20%的人说他们在特朗普治下变得更糟。
因此，36%的人认为经济是他们投票中最重要的问题，尽管同样多的人，32%的人认为民主状况是他们的首要问题。在属性中，32%的人认为“领导能力”最重要;27%的pick“能够带来所需的改变”
近40%的选民是保守派，31%是白人福音派基督徒，比他们在全国的比例高出9个百分点，同时，60%的北卡罗来纳州选民表示堕胎在所有或大多数情况下都应该合法。
宾夕法尼亚州
宾夕法尼亚州可能是今年的转折点。在2016年投票给特朗普不到1个百分点后，这个被恰当地称为“基石之州”的国家在2020年转向了拜登，当时他以略高于1个百分点的优势击败了特朗普，即大约80，500张选票。
在初步的出口民调结果中，特朗普的个人支持率处于水下，47%的人对他整体表示满意，51%的人表示不满意。(不过，这比他在全国范围内的支持率略高，44%对54%有利对54%。)特朗普在2016年赢得该州时，支持率甚至更低——但那一年受益于同样不受欢迎的对手希拉里·克林顿。在今年的初步结果中，卡玛拉·哈里斯和川普一样不受欢迎，46%-53%，有利-不利。
问题的重要性不亚于甚至超过个人评分，33%的人说民主状况是他们投票选举总统时最重要的问题，这与全国范围内35%的人说的差不多。宾夕法尼亚州30%的人认为经济是他们最关心的问题，与全国范围内31%的人持相同观点。
对哈里斯不利的是，50%的选民说他们家庭的经济状况比四年前更糟，全国范围内有超过45%的人这么说，这是自1992年以来的最高投票后调查。只有22%的人说他们的财务状况有所好转。
在宾夕法尼亚州，赞成使用水力压裂法的选民多于反对者，比例为55%-36%。哈里斯曾表示，如果当选，她不会禁止水力压裂法;自从她第一次竞选总统以来，她一直因改变在这个问题上的立场而受到批评。
Exit polls 2024: Fear for American democracy top issue in Pennsylvania, nationwide
Broad economic discontent, sharp divisions about the nation's future and polarized views of the major-party candidates mark voter attitudes nationally in ABC News preliminary exit poll results of the2024 election.
The state of democracy prevailed narrowly as the most important issue to voters out of five tested in the exit poll.
Preliminary results may change as exit polls are updated throughout election night.
The country and democracy
Voters broadly express more negative than positive views about the country's direction: Just 26% are enthusiastic or satisfied with the way things are going, versus 72% dissatisfied or angry.
More voters see American democracy as threatened (73%) than secure (25%). Still, about 6 in 10 in these preliminary exit poll results say the country's best days are ahead of it, versus about a third who say the country's best days are in the past.
Across the seven swing states, anywhere from 68% to 73% of voters think democracy in this country is threatened.
Extremism and candidate favorability
Fifty-five percent call Trump's views "too extreme," and he's underwater in personal favorability, 44%-55%. Fewer call Harris' views too extreme (46%), though she's also underwater in personal favorability, albeit slightly, 48%-50%.
Trump, in the preliminary results, is slightly less apt in the seven swing states to be seen as "too extreme" than he is nationally, but still more so than Harris.
Favorability isn't determinative: Just 40% saw Trump favorably in 2016, when he won the Electoral College (albeit not the popular vote). One reason is that almost as few, 43%, had a favorable view of his opponent that year, Hillary Clinton. (In 2020, Trump's favorability rating was 46%; Joe Biden's was 52%.)
Underscoring the emotion associated with the contest, preliminarily 36% of voters say they'd be "scared" if Trump were elected, while 29% would be scared by a Harris win.
In terms of personal attributes, voters in preliminary results pick having the ability to lead as tops among four that were tested in the exit poll.
The economy and Biden
The economy remains a key irritant. Voters say it's in bad shape by 67%-32%. And 45% say their own financial situation is worse now than four years ago, versus 30% the same, with just 24% doing better. The "worse off" number exceeds its 2008 level, then 42%, and far outpaces its shares in 2020 (20%) and 2016 (28%).
President Joe Biden takes the heat, with just a 41% job approval rating (58% disapprove). It's been a challenge for Harris to persuade voters she's taking a new direction from Biden's. (Biden's approval rating is the lowest for an incumbent president in exit polls since George W. Bush's 27% as he left office in 2008. Trump managed 50% job approval in 2020, yet Biden beat him anyway.)
Biden is underwater in favorability in the seven swing states.
Economic views are less glum in Michigan than in other battlegrounds. The economy is top-rated as a voting issue in Georgia, least so in Michigan.
Top issues
The state of democracy prevails narrowly as the most important issue to voters out of five tested in the exit polls. Thirty-five percent of voters ranked it as their top issue, followed by 31% who said the economy, 14% who said abortion, 11% who said immigration and 4% who said foreign policy.
Abortionstands out in importance to women, at 19% in preliminary results, versus 8% among men, and rises to 42% among women younger than 30. (Women account for 53% of all voters, preliminarily; men, 47%.)
Trump is more trusted than Harris on immigration and the economy in the preliminary exit polls while Harris leads Trump in trust on abortion.
Sixty-six percent overall say abortion should be legal in all or most cases, a central focus of Harris's campaign. (Support for legal abortion hit a low in exit polls, 51%, in 2020; its previous peak was 63% in 1992.)
Legal abortion wins majority backing in all seven swing states from 60% to 69%.
On immigration, a central focus for Trump, 39% say most undocumented immigrants should be deported, up from 26% in 2016 and 28% in 2012. Fifty-seven percent say undocumented immigrants instead should be offered a chance to apply for legal status.
Swing states
Georgia
President Biden's 11,779-vote victory four years ago made him the first Democratic presidential candidate to carry the state since 1992. Post-election, a recorded call of Trump pressuring Georgia's secretary of state to "find" the votes Trump needed focused the nation on Georgia's election integrity.
In preliminary exit poll results, 81% of Georgia voters say they're very or somewhat confident the state's elections are being conducted fairly and accurately, more than say so nationally (68%). These views are bipartisan, ranging from 94% of Democrats to 78% of independents and 72% of Republicans.
Regardless, 68% of Georgia voters overall see U.S. democracy as somewhat or very threatened.
Moreover, 42% of Trump voters in these preliminary results say that if he loses Georgia's official vote count, he should challenge the results rather than accept them. Half as many supporters of Kamala Harris say she should challenge a losing result, 21%.
Forty percent of Georgia voters rate the economy as the most important issue in their vote, tops among five issues tested and more than the 31% who say so nationally. That's driven in part by the 52% who say they're worse off financially than four years ago, up considerably from just 16% in 2020 and surpassing a previous high of 33% in available exit polls since 1992. About three-quarters (73%) say the national economy is in not so good or poor shape, surpassing the 67% who say so nationally.
Thirty percent of Georgia voters in these preliminary results are Black, on par with the share in 2020 (29%) and the most of any swing state. Georgia voters overall divide evenly between Harris and Trump in trust to handle racial issues, 50%-48%; 32% of white voters pick Harris on this question, rising to 89% of Black voters.
In the aftermath of Hurricane Helene, voters are split on whether federal hurricane aid is going to the people who need it: 47% think it is, while 50% say it's not.
North Carolina
North Carolina has voted Republican in all but two presidential elections since 1968 (2008 and 1976), including by 1.3 percentage points for Trump in 2020 (his narrowest victory that year). Biden improved on Hillary Clinton’s results among college-educated white voters, moderates and men, making it a closer contest than in 2016, but Trump was bolstered by strong support from conservatives, evangelical white Christians and white voters without college degrees.
Forty-seven percent in the state say they're worse off now than when Biden became president, the most in available North Carolina exit polls since 1992. Four years ago, fewer than half as many, 20%, said they'd gotten worse off under Trump.
It follows that the economy is cited by 36% as the most important issue in their vote, although about as many, 32%, cite the state of democracy as their top issue. Among attributes, 32% cite "the ability to lead" as most important; 27% pick "can bring needed change."
Nearly 4 in 10 voters are conservative and 31% are white evangelical Christians, 9 points more than their share nationally, At the same time, 60% of North Carolina voters say abortion should be legal in all or most cases.
Pennsylvania
Pennsylvania may be this year’s tipping-point state. After voting for Trump by less than 1 percentage point in 2016, the aptly nicknamed Keystone State flipped to Biden in 2020, when he edged out Trump by just over 1 point -- or roughly 80,500 votes.
Trump is underwater in personal favorability in preliminary exit poll results, with 47% expressing a favorable opinion of him overall, 51% unfavorable. (Still, that’s slightly better than his ratings nationally, 44%-54% favorable-unfavorable.) Trump did even worse in favorability when he won the state in 2016 -- but benefited that year from an equally unpopular opponent in Hillary Clinton. In this year’s preliminary results, Kamala Harris is equally as unpopular as Trump, 46%-53%, favorable-unfavorable.
Issues can matter as much or more than personal ratings -- and 33% say the state of democracy is the most important issue in their vote for president, about even with the 35% who say so nationally. Thirty percent in Pennsylvania pick the economy as their top issue, again similar to the share who say so nationally (31 percent).
In a liability for Harris, 50% of voters say their family’s financial situation is worse today compared with four years ago, more than 45% who say so nationally and a high in available exit polls since 1992. Just 22% say their financial situation has gotten better.
More voters favor than oppose the use of fracking in Pennsylvania, 55%-36%. Harris has said she won’t ban fracking if elected; she’s been criticized for reversing her position on the issue since her first presidential run.
